Journal of Geo-information Science >
Application of Virtual Sites to Simulate Precipitation Across Heihe River Basin
Received date: 2018-12-05
Request revised date: 2019-02-26
Online published: 2019-08-25
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41701456)
Copyright
As a key factor in the climate system, precipitation plays an important role in the survival and development of human beings. Accurate precipitation information is essential for climate and environmental research, and the spatial distribution of precipitation data is important for addressing the rational use of water resources. The distribution of national meteorological stations in most areas of China is relatively scattered. In some regions, the terrain is undulating, and the original weather station cannot accurately reflect the actual situation of local precipitation. To accurately reflect the spatial distribution of precipitation in regions of this kind, this paper used the original data of the Heihe river National Meteorological Station, and built virtual sites to establish a precipitation network across the entire basin. The information network entropy and semi-variogram theory were used to optimize the precipitation network, and some existing sites were used to interpolate precipitation across the whole basin. Information entropy can calculate the value of information contained in the precipitation of each station. The larger the amount of information, the larger is the entropy value. To establish an optimal site dataset, we combined the joint entropy and conditional entropy to select sites with a large amount of information, and then combined the nugget value and range of the semi-variogram model to take account of the spatial correlation betweenthese stations. This paper took the annual average precipitation data of 15 national meteorological stations in the Heihe River Basin from 1991 to 2003 as the raw data. According to the characteristics of elevation and vegetation growth, Heihe river is divided into three regions: upstream, midstream, and downstream. The effects of altitude, slope, and aspect on precipitation were considered for each of the three regions, and the relevant factors affecting the precipitation value were determined. We considered multiple factors to establish multiple linear regression equations to invert virtual station precipitation values. Finally, the watershed was interpolated using the drift function KED method and Co-Kriging method to compare the interpolation precision. The results show that the existence of virtual sites has effectively improved the accuracy of precipitation interpolation. Due to the appearance of the drift function, the error between the simulated precipitation value and the observed value in Dingxin, Jinta, and Ma Zongshan is within 5 mm. In this case, the interpolation result using the KED method is closest to the observation value.
ZUO Qilin , ZHAO Na , DUAN Hongmei . Application of Virtual Sites to Simulate Precipitation Across Heihe River Basin[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2019 , 21(8) : 1218 -1226 . DOI: 10.12082/dqxxkx.2019.180641
表1 不同插值方法下的交叉验证结果Tab. 1 Cross-validation results using different interpolation methods (mm) |
插值法 | MAE | MRE | RMSE |
---|---|---|---|
Co-kriging-R | 8.93 | 0.11 | 9.79 |
KED-R | 7.10 | 0.08 | 7.45 |
Co-kriging-S | 6.38 | 0.08 | 6.67 |
KED-S | 3.23 | 0.05 | 3.75 |
注: Co-kriging-R、Co-kriging-S分别表示利用协同克里金方法对国家气象站点以及国家气象站点加虚拟站点进行插值的方法,KED-R、KED-S表示基于泛克里金方法对国家气象站点以及国家气象站点加虚拟站点的插值方法。 |
表2 黑河流域各气象站点观测值与模拟值结果对比Tab. 2 Observed and simulated results at each site in Heihe River Basin (mm) |
站点 | 观测值 | Co-kriging-R | KED-R | Co-kriging-S | KED-S |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
鼎新 | 45.40 | 35.50 | 53.14 | 57.13 | 50.13 |
金塔 | 52.60 | 55.41 | 46.34 | 40.35 | 53.73 |
马鬃山 | 57.45 | 49.16 | 49.30 | 63.91 | 54.37 |
高台 | 92.06 | 87.27 | 87.91 | 81.98 | 91.98 |
张掖 | 104.83 | 114.78 | 110.28 | 109.62 | 107.54 |
酒泉 | 66.53 | 74.49 | 75.37 | 54.23 | 65.76 |
永昌 | 176.56 | 183.27 | 182.57 | 182.23 | 172.23 |
托勒 | 242.79 | 249.46 | 233.61 | 227.58 | 248.53 |
野牛沟 | 328.85 | 337.78 | 325.74 | 319.43 | 334.17 |
祁连 | 344.69 | 339.68 | 349.61 | 346.08 | 349.11 |
[1] |
王绍武, 蔡静宁, 慕巧珍 , 等. 中国西部年降水量的气候变化[J]. 自然资源学报, 2002,17(4):415-422.
[
|
[2] |
孙鹏森, 刘世荣, 李崇巍 . 基于地形和主风向效应模拟山区降水空间分布[J]. 生态学报, 2004,24(9):1910-1915.
[
|
[3] |
|
[4] |
|
[5] |
|
[6] |
|
[7] |
|
[8] |
|
[9] |
|
[10] |
|
[11] |
|
[12] |
|
[13] |
|
[14] |
辜智慧, 史培军, 陈晋 . 气象观测站点稀疏地区的降水插值方法探讨——以锡林郭勒盟为例[J]. 北京师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2006,42(2):98-102.
[
|
[15] |
李佳霖, 樊子德, 邓敏 . 顾及风向和风速的空气污染物浓度插值方法[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2017,19(3):382-389.
[
|
[16] |
|
[17] |
|
[18] |
|
[19] |
余冲, 刘冀, 董晓华 . 基于信息熵的湖北省降雨时空变化规律研究[J]. 水电能源科学, 2011,29(1):6-8.
[
|
[20] |
李海燕, 王可丽, 江灏 , 等. 黑河流域降水的研究进展与展望[J]. 冰川冻土, 2009,31(2):334-341.
[
|
[21] |
赵志龙, 罗娅, 余军林 , 等. 贵州高原1960-2016年降水变化特征及重心转移分析[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2018,20(10):1432-1442.
[
|
[22] |
王秀珍, 谢宝元, 王礼先 . 黑河流域生态环境建设分区研究[J]. 中国生态农业学报, 2003,11(3):169-171.
[
|
[23] |
|
[24] |
|
[25] |
王政权 . 地统计学及在生态学中的应用[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1999: 57-69.
[
|
[26] |
王军, 傅伯杰, 邱扬 . 黄土丘陵小流域土壤水分的时空变异特征:半变异函数[J]. 地理学报, 2000,55(4):428-438.
[
|
[27] |
|
[28] |
胡丹桂, 舒红 . 基于协同克里金空气湿度空间插值研究[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2014,53(9):2045-2049.
[
|
[29] |
黄小玉, 陈媛, 熊毅 , 等. 漂移克里金方法在雷达和雨量计联合估测降水中的应用[J]. 气象学报, 2009,67(2):288-297.
[
|
/
〈 | 〉 |