Journal of Geo-information Science >
Evaluating the Accessibility of Plaza Park Using the Gravity Model
Received date: 2018-12-03
Request revised date: 2019-05-15
Online published: 2019-10-29
Supported by
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFB0503502)
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(7771728)
Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(7771820)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41701213)
Funded by Lanzhou Jiaotong University Excellent Platform(201806)
Copyright
More and more natural environment has been replaced by buildings during the rapid urbanization. However, with the increasing living standards, residents have been paying growing attention to the leisure recreation function of plaza park. Therefore, the accessibility of plaza park has gradually become one of the important indicators for modern people to make their housing choices. But how to objectively and realistically evaluate the accessibility of plaza park is one of the long-term concerns for scholars. Based on previous studies, this article used the gravity model to analyze the influence of the distance friction coefficient on the accessibility evaluation. Importantly, the sensitivity of the evaluation was assessed with the step size of β changing with 0.2 from 0.6 to 2.2. Meanwhile, to further determine accurately the distance friction coefficient β, the idea of tourism domain model was applied for the first time in the accessibility study, for estimating the distance friction coefficient β in the gravity model. Lastly, the accessibility of plaza park was evaluated by a case study in downtown Wuhan. Results show that the distance friction coefficient β is an important parameter in the gravity model. A small change in the friction coefficient β has a great impact on the result of accessibility evaluation. As β increased, the maximum value of the evaluated accessibility became larger and larger, the minimum value became smaller and smaller, and the standard deviation also became larger and larger. It is very important to select the appropriate distance friction coefficient in the gravity model; different β values determine whether the evaluation results are good or not. Therefore, the method of estimating the distance friction coefficient β was constructed based on the idea of tourism domain model method, this paper conducted five experiments to estimate the distance friction coefficient β in the gravity model. Finally, the distance friction coefficient β was obtained by calculating the mean value of different experimental groups. The result of accessibility evaluation is more reliable when β=1.70. The proposed methodology was demonstrated through a case study of the central city plaza park in Wuhan. The results show that the optimized model can fully reflect the change of the attraction of plaza park in distance attenuation. The model fully considers the scale of plaza park and the influence of population scales, which can make a true and objective evaluation of the accessibility of plaza park.
DONG Xiaogang , QIAO Qinghua , ZHAI Liang , SUN Li , ZHEN Yunpeng . Evaluating the Accessibility of Plaza Park Using the Gravity Model[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2019 , 21(10) : 1518 -1526 . DOI: 10.12082/dqxxkx.2019.180622
表1 武汉市中心城区广场公园可达性等级与可达性值对应关系Tab. 1 Accessibility values and levels of plaza park in downtown Wuhan |
可达性等级 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
极好 | 较好 | 一般 | 较差 | 不可达 | |
可达性值A | A>9 | 7<A≤9 | 5<A≤7 | 3<A≤5 | A≤3 |
表2 武汉市中心城区不同β取值时的广场公园可达性结果占比Tab. 2 The accessibility results of plaza park for different β values in downtown Wuhan (%) |
β值 | 极好 | 较好 | 一般 | 较差 | 不可达 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
0.6 | 0.35 | 37.12 | 58.99 | 3.55 | 0.00 |
0.8 | 2.95 | 36.27 | 52.01 | 8.77 | 0.00 |
1.0 | 7.95 | 31.93 | 43.62 | 15.37 | 1.13 |
1.2 | 13.17 | 25.68 | 38.34 | 20.77 | 2.04 |
1.4 | 15.27 | 20.52 | 34.29 | 26.78 | 3.14 |
1.6 | 15.18 | 16.37 | 31.55 | 31.46 | 5.44 |
1.8 | 14.74 | 12.60 | 26.30 | 33.41 | 12.95 |
2.0 | 13.14 | 8.08 | 20.55 | 35.80 | 22.44 |
2.2 | 12.38 | 4.68 | 15.05 | 33.60 | 34.29 |
表3 武汉市中心城区不同β取值时的广场公园可达性值统计结果Tab. 3 Statistical results of the accessibility of plaza park based on different β values in downtown Wuhan |
β值 | 最小值 | 最大值 | 标准差 | 均值 |
---|---|---|---|---|
0.6 | 3.92 | 10.99 | 0.95 | 6.68 |
0.8 | 3.18 | 14.36 | 1.30 | 6.65 |
1.0 | 2.54 | 23.23 | 1.75 | 6.66 |
1.2 | 1.99 | 42.28 | 2.54 | 6.69 |
1.4 | 1.53 | 80.73 | 4.15 | 6.78 |
1.6 | 1.13 | 164.07 | 7.32 | 6.95 |
1.8 | 0.81 | 329.49 | 12.97 | 7.22 |
2.0 | 0.56 | 571.95 | 21.82 | 7.64 |
2.2 | 0.38 | 788.10 | 34.55 | 8.29 |
表4 旅游域模型法计算β结果Tab. 4 Tourism domain model method to calculate β |
组号 | 小区a | 小区b | 计算β值 | 平均β |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | A1 | A2 | 1.68 | 1.70 |
2 | B1 | B2 | 1.71 | |
3 | C1 | C2 | 1.72 | |
4 | D1 | D2 | 1.69 | |
5 | E1 | E2 | 1.70 |
表5 武汉市中心城区广场公园可达性统计结果Tab. 5 Statistical results of the accessibility to the central city plaza park in Wuhan City |
极好 | 较好 | 一般 | 较差 | 不可达 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
社区数/个 | 489 | 451 | 955 | 998 | 289 |
占比/% | 15.37 | 14.17 | 30.01 | 31.36 | 9.08 |
表6 武汉市中心城区广场公园可达性结果对比Tab. 6 Comparison of the plaza park accessibility in downtown Wuhan (%) |
极好 | 较好 | 一般 | 较差 | 不可达 | 一般以上 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
武昌区 | 18.51 | 11.91 | 30.63 | 26.94 | 12.01 | 61.05 |
汉阳区 | 8.08 | 7.47 | 19.29 | 40.31 | 24.85 | 34.84 |
江汉区 | 14.78 | 28.38 | 47.67 | 7.78 | 1.39 | 90.83 |
硚口区 | 4.12 | 3.23 | 45.12 | 44.54 | 2.99 | 52.47 |
江岸区 | 23.34 | 18.91 | 16.71 | 37.83 | 3.21 | 58.96 |
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