Journal of Geo-information Science >
Study on Spatiotemporal Evolution of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease(HFMD)in China under the Influence of Meteorological Factors
Received date: 2020-01-08
Request revised date: 2020-03-02
Online published: 2021-05-25
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(4186010245)
Copyright
The rising number of people infected by Hand-Foot-Mouth Disease (HFMD) in China poses a great threat to public health and a critical challenge to disease prevention and control in recent years. This paper used regional monthly statistics of HFMD in 2017 when HFMD was common in China. The GeoDetector, spatial autocorrelation, and other analysis methods were adopted to analyze the influence of meteorological factors (i.e., temperature, precipitation) on the prevalence of HFMD and its spatial and temporal differentiation. The results show that: (1) Temporally, the prevalence of HFMD had significant seasonal differences in major cities of China in 2017, with a single prevalence peak or double prevalence peaks (i.e., high-low peak, double high peak). Moreover, the prevalence of HFMD in those cities had a significant spatial correlation in February, April, and December; (2) Spatially, the HFMD in China was characterized by high prevalence level in southeast provinces or cities and low prevalence level in northwest provinces or cities, showing a decreasing trend from southeast to northwest along precipitation gradient; (3) According to the spatial and temporal distribution of HFMD outbreak period (from April to August) at provincial and city level in 2017, HFMD spread from southeast to northwest, and then retreated from west to east; (4) The prevalence of HFMD in major cities in China was correlated with the average annual precipitation and average annual temperature, which were fitted by a quadratic function (R2=0.6623) and an exponential function (R2=0.6469), respectively; and (5) The interaction effect between temperature and precipitation on HFMD resulted in a double-factor nonlinear enhancement and was more significant than a single factor during the spread of HFMD. The prevalence of HFMD in China is influenced by meteorological factors and is significantly different at spatial and temporal scales. Our results can provide reference for the prevention and control of HFMD at national level.
XIE Ling , WANG Hongwei , LIU Suhong , GAO Yibo , Mariam Mamuti , YI Suyan , MA Chen . Study on Spatiotemporal Evolution of Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease(HFMD)in China under the Influence of Meteorological Factors[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2021 , 23(3) : 431 -442 . DOI: 10.12082/dqxxkx.2021.200024
表1 2009-2017年我国手足口病发病人数及发病率Tab.1 The number of HFMD and the incidence of HFMD in China from 2009 to 2017 |
年份 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | 2014 | 2015 | 2016 | 2017 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
发病数/人 | 1 155 525 | 1 774 669 | 1 619 706 | 2 168 737 | 1 828 377 | 2 778 861 | 1 997 371 | 2 442 138 | 1 929 550 |
发病率/1/104 | 87.0111 | 132.9599 | 120.7916 | 160.9632 | 135.0312 | 205.0565 | 146.5996 | 178.1562 | 139.8388 |
图1 2017年我国省、自治区、直辖市和地级行政区手足口病发病率空间分布注:该图基于自然资源部标准地图服务网站下载的审图号为GS(2019)1698号标准地图制作,底图无修改。由于数据获取困难,香港、澳门、台湾数据暂缺。 Fig. 1 Spatial distribution of the incidence of HFMD in provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government and prefecture-level administrative regionin 2017 |
表2 不同因子交互作用的类型Tab. 2 Types of interaction |
类型 | 交互作用 | 图示 |
---|---|---|
q(X1,X2)<Min(q(X1),q(X2)) | 非线性减弱 | ![]() |
Min(q(X1),q(X2))<q(X1,X2)<Max(q(X1)),q(X2)) | 单因子非线性减弱 | |
q(X1,X2)> Max(q(X1),q(X2)) | 双因子增强 | |
q(X1,X2)=q(X1)+q(X2) | 独立 | |
q(X1,X2)>q(X1)+q(X2) | 非线性增强 |
注: |
表3 手足口病发病率与年均降水量、年均温相关系数表Tab. 3 Correlation between incidence of HFMD and annual average precipitation & annual average temperature |
发病率 | 月均降水量 | 月均温 | |
---|---|---|---|
发病率 Pearson相关性 | 1 | 0.588** | 0.562** |
月均降水量 Pearson相关性 | 0.588** | 1 | 0.882** |
月均温 Pearson相关性 | 0.560** | 0.882** | 1 |
注:P>0.01(双侧检验),相关性显著,**表示在0.01水平上显著。 |
图4 2017年省、自治区、直辖市和地级行政区手足口病爆发热点时段发病时空分布注:该图基于自然资源部标准地图服务网站下载的审图号为GS(2019)1698的标准地图制作,底图无修改。 Fig. 4 Spatial and temporal distribution of hot spots periodof HFMD outbreaks in in provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the central government and prefecture-level administrative region in 2017 |
表4 我国各地中心城市手足口病时空特征气象因素作用探测结果Tab. 4 The detected result of the meteorological factors of the spatio-temporal characteristics of HFMD in provincial capital cities of China |
降水 | 气温 | |
---|---|---|
q | 0.6051 | 0.5519 |
p | 0.0401 | 0.0448 |
表5 气象因子交互作用结果Tab.5 Iteraction of meteorological factors |
降水 | 气温 | |
---|---|---|
降水 | 0.6051 | - |
气温 | 0.6320 | 0.5519 |
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