Journal of Geo-information Science >
Border-prone Characteristics of Agricultural Expansion and Intensification in the Borders of Thailand and its Neighboring Countries (Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar) Under the Context of Geo-Economy
Received date: 2020-06-15
Request revised date: 2020-07-31
Online published: 2021-05-25
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41971242)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42001226)
Program for BINGWEI Excellent Young Talents of Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences(2018RC201)
Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS2020055)
Copyright
Since the implementation of the initiative of “Turning the Battlefields into Marketplaces” by Thai Prime Minister Chatichai Choonhavan in 1988, the relation between Thailand and its neighboring countries (including Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar) has shifted from political isolation to economic cooperation, which leads to varying degrees of land cover / use changes in the border areas (particularly the border crossings). With the land cover data products gathered from the US Agency for International Development's SERVIR-Mekong project, the status of land cover types and their spatial and temporal changes were quantitatively analyzed and compared between different countries using GIS-based spatial analysis, followed by the characteristics analyses of bordering and off-bordering, convergence and divergence of forest cover dynamics due to agricultural expansion (increased cropland) and cash-crops intensification (increased orchard or plantation) within the 20-km buffer areas of Thailand-Myanmar, Thailand-Laos, and Thailand-Cambodia borders in 1988, 1998, 2008, and 2018. The results show that: (1) Forests, cropland, and orchards (including plantations) were the main types of land cover in the border areas of Thailand, Myanmar, Laos, and Cambodia in the past decades, accounting for over 96%. An overall decrease of forests was also seen because of agricultural expansion and intensive production of commercial crops. (2) The forests conversion had obvious spatial and temporal features. Extensive forest transformations occurred in the neighborhood area of the border crossings of Mae Sot (Thailand)-Myawady (Myanmar) and Bueng Kan (Thailand)-Paksan (Laos) as well as the “Golden Triangle” area among Thailand, Myanmar, and Laos during 1998-2008. Similar transitions were also observed in the neighborhood area of the border crossings of Kap Choeng (Thailand)-Osmach(Cambodia) from 1988 to 1998, accounting for more than 70%. (3) Agricultural expansion and cash-crops intensification showed obvious characteristics of bordering and off-bordering, convergence and divergence in the border areas. Specifically, the forest changes caused by agricultural expansion has changed from the same to opposite direction showing divergence in the Thai-Lao border, from bilateral stronger bordering to unilateral bordering in the Myanmar side along the Thai-Burmese border, and from bordering to off-bordering and back to bordering in the Thai-Cambodian border. The forest changes caused by intensive production showed stronger bordering in the Thai-side of Thai-Lao border, from off-bordering to bordering in the Burmese side of Thai-Myanmar border, and bilateral opposite bordering of Thai-Cambodian border. (4) Bordering characteristics analysis of forest change indicated that Thailand had the greatest geo-influence on Laos, followed by Cambodia and Myanmar. Our study contributes to further investigating the cross-interaction between border land use and geo-economic relations from the perspective of spatial difference in Geography.
FENG Jinghui , LI Peng , XIAO Chiwei , QI Yueji , LI Xia . Border-prone Characteristics of Agricultural Expansion and Intensification in the Borders of Thailand and its Neighboring Countries (Cambodia, Laos and Myanmar) Under the Context of Geo-Economy[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2021 , 23(3) : 479 -491 . DOI: 10.12082/dqxxkx.2021.200306
图5 1988-2018年泰缅、泰老、泰柬边境地区农业扩张与集约化生产空间变化注:该图基于自然资源部标准地图服务网站下载的审图号为GS(2016)2948号的标准地图制作,底图无修改。 Fig. 5 Spatial changes in agricultural expansion and intensification transformed from forest in the 20-km border areas of Thailand-Myanmar, Thailand-Laos, and Thailand-Cambodia borders from 1988 to 2018 |
表1 1988-2018年泰缅、泰老、泰柬边境地区林-耕(农业扩张)面积变化Tab. 1 Area changes in forest-to-cropland (agricultural expansion) in the 0~5, 5~10, 10~15 and 15~20 km border areas of Thailand-Myanmar, Thailand-Laos, and Thailand-Cambodia borders from 1988 to 2018 (km2) |
林-耕(农业扩张)面积变化 | 泰老边境 | 泰缅边境 | 泰柬边境 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
泰国一侧 | 老挝一侧 | 泰国一侧 | 缅甸一侧 | 泰国一侧 | 柬埔寨一侧 | |||
1988-1998年(0~5 km) | 380 | 352 | 175 | 108 | 65 | 194 | ||
1988-1998年(5~10 km) | 522 | 282 | 137 | 48 | 151 | 163 | ||
1988-1998年(10~15 km) | 573 | 242 | 92 | 36 | 195 | 122 | ||
1988-1998年(15~20 km) | 593 | 229 | 98 | 32 | 205 | 89 | ||
1998-2008年(0~5 km) | 405 | 454 | 133 | 252 | 37 | 161 | ||
1998-2008年(5~10 km) | 540 | 503 | 100 | 129 | 72 | 241 | ||
1998-2008年(10~15 km) | 557 | 484 | 80 | 81 | 88 | 278 | ||
1998-2008年(15~20 km) | 574 | 382 | 106 | 58 | 90 | 196 | ||
2008-2018年(0~5 km) | 46 | 79 | 22 | 57 | 3 | 71 | ||
2008-2018年(5~10 km) | 900 | 88 | 17 | 42 | 3 | 82 | ||
2008-2018年(10~15 km) | -790 | 78 | 15 | 28 | 5 | 78 | ||
2008-2018年(15~20 km) | 56 | 61 | 19 | 18 | 6 | 59 |
表2 1988-2018年泰缅、泰老、泰柬边境地区林-园(商品作物集约化生产)面积变化Tab. 2 Area changes in forest-to-orchard (intensive production of commercial crops) in the 0~5, 5~10, 10~15 and 15~20 km border areas of Thailand-Myanmar, Thailand-Laos, and Thailand-Cambodia borders from 1988 to 2018 (km2) |
林-园(商品作物集约化生产)面积变化 | 泰老边境 | 泰缅边境 | 泰柬边境 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
泰国一侧 | 老挝一侧 | 泰国一侧 | 缅甸一侧 | 泰国一侧 | 柬埔寨一侧 | |||
1988-1998年(0~5 km) | 91 | 234 | 130 | 146 | 89 | 171 | ||
1988-1998年(5~10 km) | 100 | 243 | 135 | 204 | 42 | 171 | ||
1988-1998年(10~15 km) | 87 | 282 | 136 | 222 | 47 | 154 | ||
1988-1998年(15~20 km) | 64 | 257 | 48 | 142 | 145 | 260 | ||
1998-2008年(0~5 km) | 405 | 454 | 133 | 252 | 37 | 161 | ||
1998-2008年(5~10 km) | 258 | 350 | 120 | 234 | 58 | 95 | ||
1998-2008年(10~15 km) | 241 | 331 | 124 | 248 | 73 | 67 | ||
1998-2008年(15~20 km) | 179 | 370 | 125 | 265 | 64 | 77 | ||
2008-2018年(0~5 km) | 74 | 111 | 41 | 50 | 26 | 52 | ||
2008-2018年(5~10 km) | 377 | 112 | 44 | 51 | 15 | 34 | ||
2008-2018年(10~15 km) | -219 | 107 | 44 | 44 | 15 | 22 | ||
2008-2018年(15~20 km) | 61 | 103 | 46 | 43 | 15 | 27 |
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