Journal of Geo-information Science >
Approach to Quantify Spatial Comfort of Urban Roads based on Street View Images
Received date: 2020-07-08
Request revised date: 2020-09-03
Online published: 2021-07-25
Supported by
Key Project of Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Universities(KJ2020A0721)
Key Project of Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Universities(KJ2020A0722)
Anhui Province Universities Outstanding Talented Person Support Project(gxyq2019093)
China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2018M642146)
Program of Provincial Natural Science Foundation of Anhui(1808085QD103)
Jiangsu Planned Projects for Postdoctoral Research Funds(2018K144C)
National Undergraduate Training Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship(201910377054)
Copyright
Urban road spatial comfort is an useful indicator to comprehensively quantify urban road environment, which plays an important role in urban-related researches such as construction planning, environment assessment, and traffic optimization. Based on the data of street view images, firstly, the concept of urban road spatial comfort is defined from the perspective of space vision. To represent the concept accurately, five quantitative indexes including road unobstructed degree, road spaciousness, greening degree of vegetation, proportion of sky view, and space openness, and a model to quantify urban road spatial comfort are constructed. Secondly, the urban road spatial comfort measurement method is established. To establish the model, an approach that comprehensively combines the semantic segmentation of street view images, weight assignment based on entropy weight, and analytic hierarchy process and dual-constrained interpolation is designed. Finally, we take the local urban area of Nanjing as the experimental area to assess the performance of the proposed approach. The results show that (1) The segmentation accuracy of the main elements meets the requirements, with an overall segmentation accuracy of 84.92% and a Kappa coefficient of 80.06%; (2) The 200-m sampling distance can comprehensively reflect the road spatial comfort degree in the study area considering the processing time and the quantitative expression; (3) The dual-constrained interpolation method proposed in this paper can eliminate the abnormal interpolation phenomena such as abrupt point, trapezoid shape, and disordered texture, and effectively maintain the directional characteristics of road spatial comfort; (4) The method proposed in this paper can effectively measure the urban road spatial comfort with an accuracy above 80%; (5) There is a positive correlation between the spatial comfort degree and the road grade, that is to say, the higher the road grade, the higher proportion of high-degree spatial comfort in roads. The spatial comfort of urban roads in the experimental area is higher in the south and lower in the north and is higher in Jianye district and lower in Gulou and historical old urban area.
YANG Cancan , XU Fangnian , JIANG Ling , WANG Ruifan , YIN Li , ZHAO Mingwei , ZHANG Xianxian . Approach to Quantify Spatial Comfort of Urban Roads based on Street View Images[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2021 , 23(5) : 785 -801 . DOI: 10.12082/dqxxkx.2021.200353
表1 城市道路空间舒适度测度指标权重Tab. 1 Weight of urban road spatial comfort measurement index |
舒适度指标 | 权重/% |
---|---|
道路通畅度() | 31.09 |
道路宽广度() | 23.76 |
植被绿化度(GD) | 18.70 |
天空呈现度() | 16.51 |
空间开敞度() | 9.94 |
表2 城市道路街景影像语义分割精度评价Tab. 2 Accuracy assessment of semantic segmentation |
分类类别 | 评价指标 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
错分误差/% | 漏分误差/% | 制图精度/% | 用户精度/% | Kappa系数/% | 总体精度/% | |
道路 | 4.33 | 14.94 | 85.06 | 95.67 | 80.06 | 84.92 |
天空 | 5.03 | 4.73 | 95.27 | 94.97 | ||
建筑 | 41.96 | 6.75 | 93.25 | 58.04 | ||
车辆 | 26.00 | 21.93 | 78.07 | 74.00 | ||
树木 | 17.92 | 15.69 | 84.31 | 82.08 | ||
灌木 | 39.43 | 19.20 | 80.80 | 60.57 | ||
围栏 | 50.89 | 59.57 | 40.43 | 49.11 | ||
附属 | 44.75 | 75.95 | 24.05 | 55.25 |
表3 城市道路空间舒适度主观评价统计表Tab. 3 Statistics of subjective evaluation results of spatial comfort |
样点 序号 | 本文量化等级 | 主观评价等级 | 等级差 | 样点 序号 | 本文量化等级 | 主观评价等级 | 等级差 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 16 | 1 | 2 | -1 |
2 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 17 | 3 | 3 | 0 |
3 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 18 | 4 | 4 | 0 |
4 | 3 | 2 | 1 | 19 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
5 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 20 | 5 | 5 | 0 |
6 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 21 | 5 | 5 | 0 |
7 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 22 | 4 | 4 | 0 |
8 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 23 | 5 | 5 | 0 |
9 | 4 | 4 | 0 | 24 | 4 | 4 | 0 |
10 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 25 | 5 | 5 | 0 |
11 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 26 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
12 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 27 | 4 | 5 | -1 |
13 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 28 | 1 | 3 | -2 |
14 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 29 | 1 | 1 | 0 |
15 | 2 | 2 | 0 | 30 | 3 | 3 | 0 |
表4 不同道路等级的空间舒适度统计Tab. 4 Spatial comfort degree statistics of different road levels |
道路等级 | 空间舒适度等级 | 等级占比/% | 等级平均值 |
---|---|---|---|
一级 | 1 | 10.25 | 3.52 |
2 | 14.96 | ||
3 | 18.01 | ||
4 | 25.76 | ||
5 | 31.02 | ||
二级 | 1 | 19.93 | 2.93 |
2 | 21.77 | ||
3 | 22.88 | ||
4 | 16.61 | ||
5 | 18.82 | ||
三级 | 1 | 30.98 | 2.45 |
2 | 22.22 | ||
3 | 24.92 | ||
4 | 14.48 | ||
5 | 7.41 |
表5 不同城市区划内的空间舒适度等级统计Tab. 5 Statistics of spatial comfort degree in different districts |
区划 | 空间舒适度等级 | 等级占比/% | 等级平均值 | 区划 | 空间舒适度等级 | 等级占比/% | 等级平均值 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
鼓楼区 | 1 | 27.27 | 2.63 | 雨花 台区 | 1 | 8.12 | 3.14 |
2 | 22.97 | 2 | 24.32 | ||||
3 | 21.77 | 3 | 27.03 | ||||
4 | 15.78 | 4 | 27.03 | ||||
5 | 12.20 | 5 | 13.51 | ||||
秦淮区 | 1 | 22.52 | 2.82 | 建邺区 | 1 | 9.01 | 3.55 |
2 | 19.82 | 2 | 15.92 | ||||
3 | 23.42 | 3 | 18.62 | ||||
4 | 20.72 | 2 | 24.32 | ||||
5 | 13.51 | 5 | 32.13 |
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