Journal of Geo-information Science >
Spatio-temporal Features and the Association of Ground-level PM2.5 Concentration and Its Emission in China
Received date: 2020-07-13
Request revised date: 2020-09-16
Online published: 2021-09-25
Supported by
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC1302602)
Key Projects of Philosophy and Social Sciences Research, Ministry of Education(19JZD023)
Shanghai Science and Technology Commission of Science and Technology Innovation Action Planning(19DZ1201505)
The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
Copyright
PM2.5 is one of the major air pollutants that threaten human health. A large number of studies have focused on the monitoring of ground-level PM2.5 concentration and its spatio-temporal distribution, but there is currently a lack of research on the correlation between PM2.5 emissions and ground-level PM2.5 concentration. Based on the ground-level PM2.5 concentration grid data and PM2.5 emission grid data from 2000 to 2014 in China, a long-term sequence analysis method was used to analyze and compare the spatio-temporal changes of PM2.5 concentration and PM2.5 emissions from qualitative and quantitative perspectives in this study. Furthermore, combined with standard deviational ellipse analysis and trend analysis, the spatio-temporal variations of ground-level PM2.5 concentration and PM2.5 emissions and their correlation were analyzed. The results show that the spatial distributions of ground-level PM2.5 concentration and PM2.5 emissions were generally consistent, with dense populated areas concentrated in the east of the Hu Huanyong Line. However, there was still a situation of "low emission and high pollution" in parts of southern and central China. This was due to factors such as atmospheric transmission, topographical cumulative effect, and the conversion of PM2.5 concentration by precursors (SO2, CO, NO2, etc.). Temporally, there was a dynamic time difference between PM2.5 concentration and emissions, and the change of PM2.5 concentration was more obvious. The proportion of land area higher than 35 μg/m3 increased by 14.26% from 2000 to 2007, and decreased by 2.84% from 2007 to 2014. From the standard deviational ellipse analysis, the PM2.5 concentration ellipse and the emission ellipse were consistent with the distribution of population and economy in terms of the coverage area and azimuth, with the former having a larger area and a longer axis close to the east-west direction. There was a difference of about 17° between PM2.5 concentration ellipse and emission ellipse due to natural source pollution in the west and the diffusion of pollutants in the atmosphere. And the center positions of the two ellipses showed a clear trajectory and legacy characteristics over time. In addition, affected by factors such as meteorological parameters and point source emissions, the variations of PM2.5 concentration and the emission were not completely consistent in the east of the Hu Huanyong line. In some areas, the emission trend was decreasing while the concentration trend was increasing. Revealing the complex spatio-temporal correlation between PM2.5 concentration and the emissions in China can help formulate scientific prevention and control measures according to local conditions and effectively improve air quality.
FENG Ziyu , SHI Runhe . Spatio-temporal Features and the Association of Ground-level PM2.5 Concentration and Its Emission in China[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2021 , 23(7) : 1221 -1230 . DOI: 10.12082/dqxxkx.2021.200367
表1 PM2.5浓度和排放趋势分析的阈值划分Tab. 1 Threshold division of PM2.5 concentration and emission trend analysis |
类型 标识 | PM2.5浓度 Trend的阈值 | PM2.5排放 Trend的阈值 | 趋势分析说明 |
---|---|---|---|
A | (1.0, ∞) | (96 000, +∞) | 总体上呈明显增加 |
B | (0.3, 1.0] | (24 000, 96 000] | 略有增加或先减后增 |
C | (-0.3, 0.3] | (-24 000, 24 000] | 总体上呈较为稳定 |
D | (-1.0, -0.3] | (-96 000, -24 000] | 略有减少或先增后减 |
E | (-∞, -1.0] | (-∞, -96 000] | 总体上呈明显减少 |
表2 PM2.5近地面浓度标准差椭圆主要参数Tab. 2 Main parameters of the standard deviational ellipse of PM2.5 ground-level concentration |
年份 | 周长/km | 面积/104 km2 | 圆心X坐标/° | 圆心Y坐标/° | 短轴/km | 长轴/km | 方位角/° |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2000 | 83.61 | 507.80 | 111.09 | 35.43 | 991 | 1631 | 79.34 |
2002 | 83.84 | 502.36 | 110.60 | 35.02 | 964 | 1658 | 82.30 |
2004 | 83.22 | 502.63 | 110.62 | 34.38 | 985 | 1625 | 82.54 |
2006 | 80.73 | 472.52 | 110.97 | 34.71 | 953 | 1578 | 81.00 |
2008 | 82.81 | 498.74 | 111.21 | 34.72 | 984 | 1614 | 79.53 |
2010 | 81.88 | 482.50 | 111.27 | 34.81 | 954 | 1610 | 79.45 |
2012 | 82.05 | 490.03 | 110.92 | 34.54 | 976 | 1598 | 79.23 |
2014 | 82.57 | 494.23 | 111.39 | 34.73 | 975 | 1614 | 77.81 |
表3 PM2.5排放标准差椭圆主要参数Tab. 3 Main parameters of the standard deviational ellipse of PM2.5 emission |
年份 | 周长/km | 面积/104 km2 | 圆心X坐标/° | 圆心Y坐标/° | 短轴/km | 长轴/km | 方位角/° |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2000 | 65.90 | 324.25 | 113.28 | 34.33 | 826 | 1250 | 63.30 |
2002 | 65.05 | 316.31 | 113.20 | 34.22 | 817 | 1233 | 66.33 |
2004 | 64.98 | 315.32 | 113.51 | 34.22 | 814 | 1233 | 62.12 |
2006 | 62.71 | 295.04 | 113.72 | 34.34 | 794 | 1183 | 61.13 |
2008 | 63.12 | 300.15 | 113.73 | 34.22 | 806 | 1185 | 62.75 |
2010 | 64.54 | 312.21 | 113.39 | 34.14 | 815 | 1219 | 65.24 |
2012 | 65.16 | 318.28 | 113.37 | 34.28 | 823 | 1231 | 66.73 |
2014 | 66.01 | 325.92 | 113.52 | 34.49 | 830 | 1250 | 65.95 |
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