Journal of Geo-information Science >
Mapping and Spatio-temporal Changes Analysis of Energy Mining and Producing Sites in China Using Multi-source Data from 1990 to 2020
Received date: 2021-09-25
Revised date: 2021-11-12
Online published: 2022-03-25
Supported by
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1800103)
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1800106)
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1800102)
Strategic Priority Research Program(A) of Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA23100201)
Copyright
The understanding of spatio-temporal distribution of energy mining and producing sites at the national scale is still insufficient, due to the lack of effective remote sensing detection methods and high-precision data products. This study developed a new method for identifying and mapping energy mining and producing sites based on multi-source data integration and expert knowledge participation, including information from high-resolution remote sensing images, land use/cover data, web crawler data, OSM map data, and environmental thematic data. Energy mining and producing sites data as well as vegetation restoration data were produced in China for 1990, 2000, 2010, and 2020. These data products were as a part of China's land use/cover change datasets (CLUD-mining). The data products of China's energy mining and producing sites can fulfill the demands of 1:25000 mapping, with an average accuracy of 91.75%. In general, the data products have excellent quality and reliability. Results show that the construction area of China's energy mining and processing sites showed a trend of growth followed by decline. From 1990 to 2020, the area of China's energy mining and processing grew by 116.90%, from 1055.94 km2 to 2290.36 km2. From 1990 to 2010, the growth rate of the area of energy mining and processing site increased from 55.22 km2/a in 1990—2000 to 95.51 km2/a in 2000—2010, while the growth rate from 2010 to 2020 was negative, with an average annual decrease of 27.28 km2. In particular, the area of energy fields in Northwest China and Qinghai Tibet Plateau continued to grow, with a total increase of 117.42 km2. In addition, the vegetation restoration area of energy sites reached 746.76 km2 from 2010 to 2020 and mainly concentrated in North China and Southwest China, accounting for 51.41% of the total vegetation restoration area. Overall, the spatial patterns of energy mining and producing sites in China has gradually shifted from the eastern zone to the western zone. This study is of great significance in improving the understanding of the spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of energy mining and producing sites in China and can provide an important data basis for site pollution management and ecological restoration.
GUO Changqing , CHI Wenfeng , KUANG Wenhui , DOU Yinyin , FU Shujing , LEL Mei . Mapping and Spatio-temporal Changes Analysis of Energy Mining and Producing Sites in China Using Multi-source Data from 1990 to 2020[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2022 , 24(1) : 127 -140 . DOI: 10.12082/dqxxkx.2022.210577
表1 数据源列表Tab. 1 List of the data sources |
数据类型 | 数据源名称 | 时间/年份 | 分辨率 | 数据格式 | 数据来源 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
高分辨率遥感影像 | GF-2影像数据 | 2016 | 1 m | 栅格 | 中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所(http://www.ceode.cas.cn/) |
Google Earth影像 数据 | 1990—2020 | 0.5 m/1 m/ 2 m | 栅格 | http://google-earth.en.softonic.com/ | |
土地利用/覆盖数据 | 中国土地利用/覆盖数据集(CLUD) | 1990—2020 | - | 矢量 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所(http://www.igsnrr.ac.cn/) |
网络爬虫数据 | 网络爬虫数据 | 1990—2020 | - | 表格 | 网络爬虫技术/全国排污许可证管理信息平台(公开端)(http://permit.mee.gov.cn/)/绿网环境数据中心(http://www.lvwang.org.cn/)/天眼查(https://www.tianyancha.com/)/企查查(https://www.qcc.com/)/百度电子地图(https://map.baidu.com/) |
OSM地图数据 | OSM地图数据 | 2020 | - | 矢量 | Open Street Map(https://www.openstreetmap.org/#map=4/36.96/104.17) |
环境专题数据 | 调研场地信息数据 | 2018—2020 | - | 表格 | 实地调研获取 |
Landsat NDVI数据 | 2010—2020 | 30 m | 栅格 | https://earthengine.google.com/ | |
基础地理数据 | 行政区划数据 | 2018 | 1:100万 | 矢量 | 国家基础地理信息中心(http://www.ngcc.cn/) |
表2 1990—2020年中国各地理分区能源场地及其植被恢复信息数据产品精度验证信息Tab. 2 Accuracy assessment on energy mining and producing sites and their vegetation restoration information products in different geographical zones in China from 1990 to 2020 |
地理分区 | 指标 | 1990年 | 2000年 | 2010年 | 2020年 | 2010—2020年 植被恢复信息 | 平均精度∗/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
华北区 | 总采样数/个 | 286 | 398 | 377 | 390 | 506 | 91.82 |
正确数/个 | 255 | 360 | 344 | 376 | 464 | ||
错误数/个 | 31 | 38 | 33 | 14 | 42 | ||
产品精度/% | 89.16 | 90.45 | 91.25 | 96.41 | 91.70 | ||
东北区 | 总采样数/个 | 123 | 188 | 157 | 139 | 201 | 91.82 |
正确数/个 | 111 | 170 | 145 | 131 | 186 | ||
错误数/个 | 12 | 18 | 12 | 8 | 15 | ||
产品精度/% | 90.24 | 90.43 | 92.36 | 94.24 | 92.54 | ||
西北区 | 总采样数/个 | 138 | 182 | 213 | 239 | 124 | 91.30 |
正确数/个 | 127 | 165 | 190 | 223 | 117 | ||
错误数/个 | 11 | 17 | 23 | 16 | 7 | ||
产品精度/% | 92.03 | 90.66 | 89.20 | 93.31 | 94.35 | ||
东南区 | 总采样数/个 | 161 | 180 | 185 | 176 | 259 | 90.78 |
正确数/个 | 140 | 163 | 171 | 164 | 228 | ||
错误数/个 | 21 | 17 | 14 | 12 | 31 | ||
产品精度/% | 86.96 | 90.56 | 92.43 | 93.18 | 88.03 | ||
西南区 | 总采样数/个 | 140 | 183 | 208 | 168 | 264 | 93.11 |
正确数/个 | 134 | 161 | 197 | 158 | 230 | ||
错误数/个 | 6 | 22 | 11 | 10 | 34 | ||
产品精度/% | 95.71 | 87.98 | 94.71 | 94.05 | 87.12 | ||
青藏高原区 | 总采样数/个 | 21 | 26 | 33 | 30 | 25 | 91.76 |
正确数/个 | 19 | 24 | 30 | 28 | 22 | ||
错误数/个 | 2 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | ||
产品精度/% | 90.48 | 92.31 | 90.91 | 93.33 | 88.00 | ||
中国大陆 | 总采样数/个 | 869 | 1157 | 1173 | 1142 | 1379 | 91.75 |
正确数/个 | 786 | 1043 | 1077 | 1080 | 1247 | ||
错误数/个 | 83 | 114 | 96 | 62 | 132 | ||
产品精度/% | 90.45 | 90.15 | 91.82 | 94.57 | 90.43 |
注:平均精度为1990、2000、2010和2020年能源场地数据产品精度的平均值。 |
图3 1990—2020年能源场地及其植被恢复信息数据产品精度验证采样点分布注:该图基于自然资源部标准地图服务网站下载的审图号为GS(2020)4624号的标准地图制作,底图无修改。由于数据获取困难,本次研究不包括台湾。底图为2015年Landsat ETM+真彩色合成影像。 Fig. 3 Distribution map of sampling points for accuracy assessment on energy mining and producing sites and their vegetation restoration information products from 1990 to 2020 |
图4 2020年中国能源场地面积分级注:该图基于自然资源部标准地图服务网站下载的审图号为GS(2020)4624号的标准地图制作,底图无修改。由于数据获取困难,本次研究不包括台湾。底图为2015年Landsat ETM+真彩色合成影像。 Fig. 4 Classification map of energy mining and producing sites area in China in 2020 |
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