Journal of Geo-information Science >
Prediction of Passenger Demand for Online Car-hailing based on Spatio-temporal Multi-graph Convolution Network
Received date: 2022-06-09
Revised date: 2022-09-07
Online published: 2023-04-19
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41801324)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41701491)
General Project of Nat ural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2019J01244)
General Project of Nat ural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2019J01791)
With the popularization of smartphones, online car-hailing has become a common travel alternative and plays an important role in meeting public travel demand. Therefore, online car-hailing operation platforms have been a major component of Intelligent Transportation Systems in which passenger demand prediction is one of the core problems to be solved. However, models proposed in the existing literature usually ignore the long-term temporal correlation and multiple spatial correlations. This paper presented a Spatio-Temporal Multi-Graph Convolutional Network Fused With Global Features (GST-MGCN) to address the limitations of existing research achievements, taking full account of the unique spatiotemporal correlations of the travel demand of online car-hailing passengers. Following the Closeness, Period, and Trend (CPT) paradigm, the model fitted temporal dependencies with time series information. By identifying multiple spatial semantic correlations, the corresponding relational graph structure was constructed, and a multi-graph convolutional model was built in which the global features fusion module employed gated fusion and sum fusion methods to capture sudden and gradual changes of passenger demand, respectively. Taking the Haikou city dataset as an example, our experimental results show that the values of the three indicators, MAE, RMSE, and MAPE of the GST-MGCN model proposed in this paper were 2.269, 3.917, and 21.447, respectively, which were lower than those derived from other similar mainstream models. This study demonstrated that the proposed model GST-MGCN can effectively mine the spatio-temporal pattern of online car hailing passenger travel demand, extract the impact of global features, and accurately predict it.
HUANG Xin , MAO Zhengyuan . Prediction of Passenger Demand for Online Car-hailing based on Spatio-temporal Multi-graph Convolution Network[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2023 , 25(2) : 311 -323 . DOI: 10.12082/dqxxkx.2023.220397
表1 不同方法在海口数据集上的预测结果Tab. 1 Prediction results of different methods on the Haikou dataset |
方法 | MAE | RMSE | MAPE/% |
---|---|---|---|
XGBoost | 6.146 | 8.565 | 32.255 |
GRU | 4.823 | 5.289 | 28.780 |
LSTM | 4.832 | 5.214 | 29.028 |
GCN | 5.741 | 5.887 | 30.038 |
ConvLSTM | 3.449 | 4.123 | 25.297 |
ST-MGCN | 3.038 | 4.036 | 23.180 |
T-GCN | 2.873 | 3.960 | 22.291 |
Graph WaveNet | 2.635 | 3.985 | 23.612 |
GST-MGCN | 2.269 | 3.917 | 21.447 |
表2 时间相关性GST-MGCN模型变体在海口数据集上的预测结果Tab. 2 Prediction results of the time-dependent GST-MGCN model variants on the Haikou dataset |
方法 | MAE | RMSE | MAPE/% |
---|---|---|---|
GST-MGCNh | 3.823 | 4.289 | 24.780 |
GST-MGCNd | 5.832 | 6.214 | 28.028 |
GST-MGCN | 2.269 | 3.917 | 21.447 |
图8 GST-MGCN模型及其空间相关性模型变体在验证集上的不同轮数的性能比较Fig. 8 Performance comparison of the GST-MGCN model and its spatial correlation model variants at different epochs on the validation set |
表3 空间相关性GST-MGCN模型变体在海口数据集上的预测结果Tab. 3 Prediction results of spatially correlated GST-MGCN model variants on the Haikou dataset |
方法 | MAE | RMSE | MAPE/% |
---|---|---|---|
GST-MGCNga-fs | 2.941 | 4.788 | 24.038 |
GST-MGCNga-ci | 2.469 | 4.036 | 23.180 |
GST-MGCNfs-ci | 2.489 | 4.423 | 23.297 |
GST-MGCN | 2.269 | 3.917 | 21.447 |
表4 全局特征GST-MGCN模型变体在海口数据集上的预测结果Tab. 4 Prediction results of global feature GST-MGCN model variants on the Haikou dataset |
方法 | MAE | RMSE | MAPE/% |
---|---|---|---|
GST-MGCNsum | 2.573 | 3.960 | 22.291 |
GST-MGCNgat | 3.335 | 4.985 | 25.612 |
GST-MGCN | 2.269 | 3.917 | 21.447 |
表6 不同实验区域在海口数据集上的预测结果Tab. 6 Prediction results of different experimental regions on the Haikou dataset |
实验区域 | MAE | RMSE | MAPE/% |
---|---|---|---|
实验区域1 | 2.361 | 3.942 | 22.189 |
实验区域2 | 2.482 | 4.131 | 22.931 |
原始研究区 | 2.269 | 3.917 | 21.447 |
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