Journal of Geo-information Science >
Evaluation Method of Morphological Efficiency for "Three Functional Spaces" based on Quadtree Algorithm
Received date: 2022-07-18
Revised date: 2022-09-09
Online published: 2023-04-19
Supported by
Major Issues of the National Development and Reform Commission Entrusted Project(201708)
Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute Open Research Program(CKWV2021864/KY)
In the context of the reform of China's spatial planning of land, the three functional spaces (i.e., urban, agricultural, and ecological spaces) are the key elements of the connection between macroscopic main functional zones and microscopic land use. In order to analyze the morphological efficiency of three functional spaces in multi-scale, all-elements, and long time series, and analyze the morphological efficiency evolution mechanism of the three functional spaces, this paper constructs a method of morphological efficiency identification based on "quadtree" algorithm, and uses "morphological efficiency value" as the core measure of spatial morphological efficiency to build a unified and comparable morphological efficiency measurement channel of three functional spaces. Based on the morphological efficiency values, this research applies the Dugam Gini coefficient method and spatial regression analysis method to verify the effectiveness of the algorithm based on "quadtree" in describing the spatial morphology of the three functional spaces. And we further use the above methods to explore the differences of morphological efficiency and the influence mechanism of socio-economic factors, to provide a basic support method with strong data adaptability and high accuracy of discrimination for the morphological monitoring of land space at macro, meso, and micro scales. Taking the Yangtze River Economic Belt as the research object, this paper analyzes the characteristics, differences in changes and evolutionary mechanisms of the spatial efficiency of the three functional spaces in the past 40 years. Our results show that: (1) In the past 40 years, the level of spatial integrity of urban space expansion has increased rapidly, with morphological efficiency values rising by 0.46, while the level of agricultural space spatial concentration and contiguity has fallen sharply by 0.17, and the ecological space has remained almost unchanged; (2) The risks of the development and protection of the three functional spaces in the Yangtze River Economic Belt include: the risk of disorderly development of urban space in the central and western regions where are less developed, the risk of fragmentation of agricultural space in the whole region, and the risk of massive damage to the integrity of the ecological space in the eastern region; (3) The key to optimize the morphological efficiency of the three functional spaces in the Yangtze River Economic Belt is to pay attention to the morphological efficiency changes of the three functional spaces in regions with fragile resource and environmental carrying capacity, regions with high socio-economic development, and regions with relatively poor location conditions, and formulate policies for the optimization of spatial structure and morphology.
XIA Junnan , WEI Wei , YIN Li , HONG Mengyao , BO Liming . Evaluation Method of Morphological Efficiency for "Three Functional Spaces" based on Quadtree Algorithm[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2023 , 25(3) : 450 -467 . DOI: 10.12082/dqxxkx.2023.220386
表1 自然地理、交通区位、社会经济驱动因子Tab. 1 Geographical, locational, socio-economic factors driving |
因子维度 | 驱动因子 | 因子维度 | 驱动因子 |
---|---|---|---|
自然地理 | 平均海拔 | 社会经济发展 水平变化 | 人口数量变化 |
平均坡度 | 城镇化率变化 | ||
地形起伏度 | 地区生产总值变化 | ||
平均降水量 | 第一产业增加值变化 | ||
平均温度 | 第二产业增加值变化 | ||
交通区位 | 距省会城市距离 | 第三产业增加值变化 | |
距地级市中心距离 | 平均人口密度变化 | ||
距铁路距离 | 农业机械总动力变化 | ||
距主要公路距离 | 财政支出变化 | ||
主要河流距离 |
表2 1980—2020年长江经济带“三区空间”面积与形态效率Tab. 2 Area and morphological efficiency of the "Three functional Space" in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, 1980-2020 |
年份 | 城镇空间面积/km2 | 城镇空间 | 农业空间面积/km2 | 农业空间 | 生态空间面积/km2 | 生态空间 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1980 | 20 405.21 | 4.91 | 614 516.49 | 4.08 | 1 410 749.61 | 2.82 |
1990 | 22 444.58 | 4.87 | 610 496.98 | 4.10 | 1 412 732.66 | 2.82 |
2000 | 28 421.64 | 4.80 | 604 281.92 | 4.17 | 1 413 067.87 | 2.82 |
2010 | 43 370.61 | 4.59 | 588 629.34 | 4.22 | 1 414 719.78 | 2.81 |
2020 | 61 270.41 | 4.47 | 575 822.76 | 4.24 | 1 409 660.89 | 2.82 |
图3 1980—2020年长江经济带城镇空间形态效率分布Fig. 3 Morphological efficiency distribution of urban-functional space in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 1980 to 2020 |
图4 1980—2020年长江经济带农业空间形态效率分布Fig. 4 Morphological Efficiency Distribution of agriculture-functional space in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 1980 to 2020 |
图6 1980—2020年长江经济带城镇空间形态效率变化分布Fig. 6 Distribution of changes in the morphological efficiency of urban-functional space in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 1980 to 2020 |
图7 1980—2020年长江经济带农业空间形态效率变化分布Fig. 7 Distribution of changes in the morphological efficiency of agricultural-functional space in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 1980 to 2020 |
表3 2000—2020年长江经济带“三区空间”形态效率变化与驱动因子回归分析结果Tab. 3 Spatial regression analysis of morphological efficiency changes of "Three functional Space" and driving factors in Yangtze River Economic Belt, 2000-2020 |
驱动因子 | 城镇空间 | 农业空间 | 生态空间 | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
东部 | 中部 | 西部 | 东部 | 中部 | 西部 | 东部 | 中部 | 西部 | |||
SEM | SEM | OLS | SEM | OLS | OLS | SEM | OLS | OLS | |||
自然 地理 | 平均海拔 | -12.63 | -14.26 | -12 748.90 | 26.5 | 3.13 | -0.91 | 3.3 | -3.24 | 2.35*** | |
平均坡度 | 3156.75* | 918.68 | -3.40** | -3413.68** | 62.41 | -84.62 | 106.6 | 287.03 | 47.33 | ||
地形起伏度 | 3.69 | -0.45 | 1399.29*** | -0.04 | -2.64 | -0.05 | 2.62 | -1.56 | -2.08*** | ||
平均降水量 | 0.02 | -2.58** | -3.73** | 2.9 | 0.46 | 0.08 | -2.12 | -0.01 | 0.1 | ||
平均温度 | 407.92 | 1448.81 | 1.37* | -983.26 | -302.86 | -140.12 | 1172.98 | -768.5* | 45.41 | ||
交通 区位 | 距省会城市距离 | 0.01 | 0.01 | -734.08 | -0.03 | -0.01 | -0.01** | 0.01 | 0.001 | -0.001 | |
距地级市中心距离 | -0.16 | -0.01 | -0.01* | -0.08 | -0.03* | -0.02 | 0.03 | 0.03* | -0.01 | ||
距铁路距离 | 0.18 | 0.05 | -0.01 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.14 | 0.04 | 0.01 | ||
距主要公路距离 | -1.69** | 0.29 | 0.03* | -0.39 | -0.22 | 0.13 | -0.13 | -0.28 | -0.04 | ||
距主要河流距离 | -0.06 | -0.01 | -0.23 | 0.09** | 0.01 | -0.02 | 0.01 | -0.01 | -0.02 | ||
社会 经济 发展 水平 变化 | 人口数量变化 | -0.03*** | -0.01 | 0.03 | -0.01* | -0.01 | -0.01 | -0.01 | 0.01 | -0.01** | |
城镇化率变化 | -7685.15 | 3774.11 | 0.001 | -2845.80 | -944.08 | -6190.49* | 1490.52 | 886.62 | 3836.18 | ||
地区生产总值变化 | 6.54 | -16.60 | -2033.35 | -5.18 | -12.27** | 17.16 | -1.65 | -1.05 | -0.23 | ||
第一产业增加值变化 | 289.53** | 44.55 | -10.12 | -36.52 | 144.86*** | -57.68 | 28.53 | 7.63 | 18.74 | ||
第二产业增加值变化 | -14.70 | -11.08 | 74.01 | 4.90 | 11.04 | -12.70 | -2.79 | 4.43 | 0.85 | ||
第三产业增加值变化 | -18.18 | -7.63 | 0.24 | -1.15 | 11.73** | -12.99 | 17.24** | -4.86 | 9.79 | ||
平均人口密度变化 | -1.09 | -9.32*** | -62.99 | 0.11 | 5.04*** | -3.2*** | 0.99 | 3.08*** | 3.38*** | ||
农业机械总动力变化 | 226.10*** | -42.04 | -11.77*** | -72.84 | -85.31*** | -71.96 | -77.56 | -0.96 | -24.53 | ||
财政支出变化 | 47.17 | 64.01 | 87.26 | 77.79*** | 11.2 | 65.85* | -58.27*** | -26.43 | -47.20* | ||
Lambda | 37 378.3*** | 39 099*** | 49 661.5*** | 40 871.5*** | |||||||
R2 | 0.46 | 0.36 | 0.61 | 0.34 | 0.20 | 0.14 | 0.21 | 0.09 | 0.14 | ||
LogL | -82.18 | 51.34 | 162.99 | 15.06 | 299.39 | 370.43 | 51.63 | 314.46 | 502.40 | ||
AIC | 204.36 | -62.68 | -280.97 | 9.87 | -662.59 | -700.85 | -63.21 | -594.92 | -964.81 | ||
SC | 278.96 | 12.99 | -204.33 | 84.27 | -526.91 | -619.07 | 11.35 | -519.25 | -883.16 |
注:*:在10%置信水平下显著相关;**:在5%置信水平下显著相关;***:在1%置信水平下显著相关;其他无显著相关性。因驱动因子的回归系数较小,对表格内所有回归系数扩大105倍。为简化文章,删除未被选择的空间回归模型结果。 |
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