Journal of Geo-information Science >
Reasoning of Spatial Distribution Pattern of Building Cluster based on Geographic Knowledge Graph
Received date: 2022-10-08
Revised date: 2022-12-07
Online published: 2023-06-02
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(42071450)
The graph structure-based knowledge graph plays important roles not only in the description and reasoning of semantic network, but also in the structured abstraction and spatial reasoning of spatial entities. The relational information of spatial entities is recorded in edges in the knowledge graph. Through the edge-based knowledge graph computational reasoning such as path detection, sub graph alignment, pattern discovery, etc., it can play an important role in spatial scene cognition. Geographic knowledge graph is a knowledge system that formally describes geographic concepts, entities, and their interrelationships. It has both the connotation and characteristics of general knowledge and the specific spatiotemporal characteristics of geographic knowledge. It can connect semantic models with spatiotemporal models to describe semantic relations, spatial relations, and temporal relations, and has great application potential in the expression, understanding, acquisition, and reasoning of geographic knowledge. The existing research work of geographic knowledge graph is mostly focused on semantics, and the extraction and expression of semantic relations are very rich and comprehensive, which can support further functions such as semantic search and association analysis of geographic knowledge. However, the knowledge expression of geographic knowledge graph in spatiotemporal model is relatively lacking, and the existing spatial relationship is limited between elements, rarely involving the further distribution situation and spatial pattern in spatial cognition. Thus, the geographic knowledge graph needs to be strengthened in terms of spatial semantic knowledge. Based on the principle of knowledge graph construction, this paper takes the construction of geographic knowledge graph of buildings as an example to realize the grid-pattern recognition of buildings. Firstly, the buildings are abstracted into entities and expressed as nodes of the graph, and the spatial neighborhood relations between buildings is extracted based on geometric proximity analysis, so as to build the geographic knowledge graph of the building group. On this basis, combined with the domain knowledge of building pattern recognition, it further infers and constructs other spatial semantic relations, and improves the geographic knowledge graph. Then the grid-pattern of the buildings complex scene is expressed as the rules of the knowledge graph, which is based on NoSQL language for reasoning. The results show that this method can effectively extract the linear pattern of buildings and further deduce the grid-pattern, which demonstrates the important role of geographic knowledge graph in spatial reasoning and its good adaptability in domain problem research, and provides ideas for the application of geographic knowledge graph in the field of spatial cognition.
TANG Zengyang , AI Tinghua , XU Haijiang . Reasoning of Spatial Distribution Pattern of Building Cluster based on Geographic Knowledge Graph[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2023 , 25(6) : 1202 -1214 . DOI: 10.12082/dqxxkx.2023.220761
表1 空间关系与语义关系Tab. 1 Spatial relation and semantic relation |
地理知识图谱中的关系分类 | 关系示例 |
---|---|
空间关系 | Intersects,Disjoint,Contains,Within,……, over-,up-,in-,out-,…… |
语义关系 | 河流的汇入关系,资产的权属关系, 管理结构的层级关系,人的社会关系,…… |
表2 知识图谱中的表达要素Tab. 2 Expression elements in knowledge graph |
类型 | 要素 | 属性/描述 |
---|---|---|
实体 | 建筑物(single) | 形状、面积、方向等 |
标签 | 直线模式(linearPattern) | lineList:建筑物ID列表 relaList:关系ID列表 |
格网模式(gridPattern) | ||
关系 | 邻近关系(nextTo) | 两建筑物邻近 |
相似关系(similarTo) | 两建筑物相似 | |
协同格网关系(gridWith) | 两直线模式协同构成格网模式 |
表3 相似关系定义Tab. 3 The definition of similarity relationship |
参量 | 指标描述 | 计算方式 |
---|---|---|
建筑物的延展度接近程度 | 两建筑物延展度差值的绝对值,延展度:最小外接矩形的长宽比 | |
建筑物的大小接近程度 | 两建筑物中较大面积值除以较小面积值 | |
建筑物的最小外接矩形长边方向(Smallest bounding rectangle orientation)之间的接近程度 | 两建筑物最小外接矩形长边方向的差值 |
表4 直线模式和格网模式的推理规则要素Tab. 4 The reasoning rules of linear pattern and grid pattern |
推理规则要素 | 描述 |
---|---|
shapeSimi(x,y) | x,y形状相似 |
areaSimi(x,y) | x,y大小相似 |
directionSimi_B(x,y) | x,y建筑物方向相似 |
similar(x,y) | x,y相似 |
near(x,y) | x,y邻近 |
interval(x,y,z) | x,y,z近似等距分布 |
sameLine(x,y,z) | x,y,z在一条直线上 |
tmpThree(x,y,z) | x,y,z组成三元直线模式 |
linerPattern(A) | A中元素构成直线模式 |
directionSimi_Lp(A,B) | A,B直线方向相似 |
close(A,B) | A,B中大部分元素具有邻近关系 |
gridPattern(A,B) | A,B协同形成格网模式 |
表5 模式识别结果统计Tab. 5 Statistics of pattern recognition results |
模式 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
linearPattern | 456 | 446 | 398 | 48 | 58 | 89.2% | 87.3% |
gridPattern | 180 | 172 | 148 | 24 | 32 | 86.0% | 82.2% |
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