Journal of Geo-information Science >
Opportunities and Challenges of Cartography Research Driven by New Generation Artificial Intelligence
Received date: 2024-01-03
Revised date: 2024-01-15
Online published: 2024-03-26
Supported by
Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB0740100)
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3002804)
As Artificial Intelligence Generated Content(AIGC) rapidly advances, various disciplines are shifting toward AI-driven scientific research. GeoAI technology, which focuses on geographic spatial intelligence, has the potential to outperform traditional methods in solving cartographic tasks. This shift presents both new opportunities and challenges for cartography. Despite some progress in integrating AI into cartographic research, limitations in computational power and other factors have hindered significant success in the past. As we enter the era of intelligence, both humans and machines will play critical roles in map creation and interpretation. Through artificial intelligence algorithms, maps can be produced quickly, at low cost, and on a large scale. However, there are also issues such as the instability of the quality of map works. The generation of map content has gone through the stages of expert-generated content and user-generated content and is developing towards the stage of artificial intelligence-generated content. In the traditional map-making phase, professional maps are produced by cartographic experts. While the quality of these maps is assured, the number of experts is limited. Consequently, the production cycle is long, the cost is high, the quantity of map products is limited, and they have not been produced on a large scale. At the current stage, generative artificial intelligence can produce map content in three forms: text-to-map (txt2map), map-to-text explanation (map2txt), and map style transfer (map2map). People can already use ChatGPT to generate maps by entering a piece of text, produce a textual explanation of a map by uploading an image of the map to ChatGPT, and even achieve map style transfer from images using Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). The integration of artificial intelligence with the map transmission model has derived an intelligent map transmission model. It includes four stages: (1) Intelligent acquisition of mapping information: Sampling and collecting information about the real-world geographical environment through artificial intelligence methods, which is then processed and filtered into structured information for mapping; (2) Intelligent mapping: The process of intelligently generating maps through the use of colors, symbols, grading, and other representational methods based on mapping information; (3) Intelligent map reading: The process by which readers use artificial intelligence methods, combined with map language, domain knowledge, and personal understanding, to recognize the real world; (4) Intelligent interpretation of map information: Using artificial intelligence to interpret maps, thereby gaining cognition and understanding of the real world. Although progress has been made, research on using intelligent methods to address cartographic challenges is still in its early stages. Challenges include the lack of comprehensive training datasets, limited model algorithm generalization, and interpretability. These areas offer promising directions for future development.
Key words: AIGC; AI Cartography; GeoAI; AI Map Reading; AI Map Making
ZHANG An , ZHU Junkai . Opportunities and Challenges of Cartography Research Driven by New Generation Artificial Intelligence[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2024 , 26(1) : 35 -45 . DOI: 10.12082/dqxxkx.2024.240128
表1 地图内容生产模式的发展特征Tab. 1 Development feature of map content generation modes |
阶段 | 特点 | 创作主体 | 规模 | 效率 | 质量 | 成本 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PGC地图 | 专家生成内容 | 地图专家 | 小 | 生成慢 | 高 | 高 |
UGC地图 | 用户生成内容 | 用户 | 大 | 生成快 | 低 | 低 |
AIGC地图 | 人工智能生成内容 | 人+机器 | 大 | 生成快 | 不稳定 | 低 |
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