Journal of Geo-information Science >
Of Sound Maps: Methods of Element Analysis and Symbolization
Received date: 2022-08-29
Revised date: 2022-11-09
Online published: 2024-03-26
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41971417)
National Natural Science Foundation of China(41571433)
Sound maps have great potential for a series of application, such as describing natural and humanistic environments, recording history and culture, and assisting urban planning, etc. However, current sound maps are dominated by the topic of noise mapping, with insufficient attention to various sound landscapes. Sound maps should not only focus on the location and physical properties of sound, but also involve people's experience and emotion of the sound environment. They also suffer from high cost of acquiring sound source data and much difficulty of visualizing auditory attributes. To address those issues, this paper proposes a sound mapping method by using geo-tagged sound data. Firstly, we sort out four types of constituent elements of sound maps from the theory of sound landscape and the image of city: sound landmark, sound path, sound area, and background sound. Then, deep learning and spatial clustering methods are then introduced to parse sound map elements from geo-tagged sound data and extract sound attributes such as types, sound pressure levels, frequencies, and emotions. On this basis, the idea of synaesthesia and metaphor are introduced to design symbols of sound landmarks, sound paths, and sound areas. Multivariate color-coding schemes are also crafted to colorize those sound symbols. Finally, the proposed data analysis and symbolization methods are experimentally evaluated by using Nanjing Xianlin University Area as an example. And from the four tasks of listening matching, recognition, comparison, and distribution, the performance of the proposed method and the pictographic-based method is compared and evaluated. The results show that the proposed method outperforms the pictographic-based method in both effectiveness and efficiency. The method proposed in this paper is expected to enrich the means of sound data analysis and sound symbolization. In future studies, the method could be applied to the preservation of sound intangible cultural heritage and urban planning.
WU Mingguang , SUN Yanjie , LU Wei , WANG Jingwen . Of Sound Maps: Methods of Element Analysis and Symbolization[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2024 , 26(1) : 56 -71 . DOI: 10.12082/dqxxkx.2024.220640
表1 声音点符号读图任务设计Tab. 1 Reading task of sound point symbol map |
序号 | 任务类型 | 声音属性 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
声压级 | 频率 | 声音类型 | 声舒适度 | ||
1 | 听音匹配 | ● | • | • | • |
2 | 听音匹配 | • | ● | • | • |
3 | 听音匹配 | • | • | ● | • |
4 | 听音匹配 | • | • | • | ● |
5 | 听音匹配 | • | ● | ● | • |
6 | 识别 | ● | - | - | - |
7 | 识别 | - | ● | - | - |
8 | 识别 | - | - | ● | - |
9 | 识别 | ● | - | - | ● |
10 | 识别 | - | ● | - | ● |
11 | 比较 | ● | - | - | - |
12 | 比较 | - | ● | - | - |
13 | 比较 | ● | - | - | - |
14 | 比较 | - | ● | - | - |
15 | 比较 | ● | ● | - | ● |
16 | 分布 | ● | - | - | - |
17 | 分布 | - | ● | - | - |
18 | 分布 | - | - | ● | - |
19 | 分布 | - | - | - | ● |
20 | 分布 | - | ● | ● | ● |
注:•表示该声音属性只有一种类型,●表示该声音属性存在多种类型,-表示不考虑该声音属性。 |
表2 读图任务完成时长的独立样本t检验Tab. 2 Independent sample t test of completion time of the reading task |
任务类型 | 联觉点符号/s | 象形点符号/s | 差值 | t值 | 自由度 | p值 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
平均值 | 标准差 | 平均值 | 标准差 | ||||||
听音匹配 | 141.09 | 14.15 | 151.31 | 17.19 | -10.23 | -2.72 | 68 | 0.008* | |
识别 | 49.77 | 5.62 | 51.49 | 6.96 | -1.71 | -1.13 | 68 | 0.261 | |
比较 | 77.14 | 6.36 | 80.57 | 6.60 | -3.43 | -2.21 | 68 | 0.030* | |
分布 | 65.17 | 6.55 | 68.66 | 5.63 | -3.49 | -2.39 | 68 | 0.020* |
注:*表示p值<0.05。 |
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