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Journal of Geo-information Science >

2025 , Vol. 27 >Issue 6: 1317 - 1331

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12082/dqxxkx.2025.250168

An Analysis of Spatial Characteristics of Long Working Hours Phenomenon in Beijing Based on Mobile Signaling Data

  • ZHENG Chenglong , 1, 2 ,
  • SONG Ci , 1, 2, * ,
  • CHEN Jie 1
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  • 1. State Key Laboratory of Geographic Information Science and Technology, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
  • 2. College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
*SONG Ci, E-mail:

Received date: 2025-04-10

  Revised date: 2025-05-12

  Online published: 2025-06-06

Supported by

Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB0740100-02)

National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3800803)

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Abstract

[Objectives] With the deepening of urbanization and intensified market competition, long working hours have become a pervasive social issue, posing challenges to both workers' physical and mental health and to urban sustainable development. Current studies on urban residents' work activities predominantly rely on questionnaire survey data, which suffer from limited sample sizes and a lack of in-depth exploration into long working hours in megacities. [Methods] This research utilized mobile signaling data from Beijing, collected between November and December 2019, to identify stay points using a threshold rule method. Residential and workplace locations were determined through a time-window approach, and users' working hours were extracted. The study then examined the spatial distribution patterns of long-working-hours employees (defined as those working over 40 hours per week) and investigated spatial characteristics across various gender and age groups. Finally, the study also explored the characteristics of long working hours in different employment clusters in Beijing. [Results] The findings reveal that 47.1% of Beijing's workforce engages in long working hours (weekly working hours ≥40 hours), with an average weekly working duration of 48.86 hours. Spatial analysis demonstrates a polycentric agglomeration pattern, concentrated in major employment hubs such as the CBD, Financial Street, Zhongguancun, and Yizhuang. Significant disparities exist across gender and age groups. Male employees work an average of 49.62 hours per week, 1.5 hours more than their female counterparts (48.12 hours). Among male age groups, those aged 20~29 have the longest average weekly working hours at 50.68 hours. In contrast, although women aged 30~39 constitute the largest proportion of the female workforce (22.13%), their average weekly working hours are the lowest, at 47.59 hours. The characteristics of overtime work in different employment clusters show a clear pattern: the CBD and Zhongguancun have a higher number of overtime workers, while Yizhuang stands out with the highest proportion at 58.0%. Wholesale and logistics hubs such as Xinfadi and Majuqiao exhibit the most intensive work schedules, with average weekly working hours exceeding 50 hours. [Conclusions] This study provides rich empirical evidence for understanding the phenomenon of long working hours in Beijing. The results offer data-driven support for optimizing labor time policies, contributing to urban sustainable development and social equity.

Key words： long working hours; work behavior; mobile signaling data; big data; data mining; urban sustainable development; spatial analysis

Cite this article

ZHENG Chenglong , SONG Ci , CHEN Jie . An Analysis of Spatial Characteristics of Long Working Hours Phenomenon in Beijing Based on Mobile Signaling Data[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2025 , 27(6) : 1317 -1331 . DOI: 10.12082/dqxxkx.2025.250168

利益冲突：Conflicts of Interest 所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。

All authors disclose no relevant conflicts of interest.

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