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  • 2005 Volume 7 Issue 1
    Published: 25 March 2005
      
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  • ARTICLES
    Adhere to Integrated Watershed Management to Promote the Harmonious Development of Human and Nature
    HU Zhenpeng
    2005, 7(1): 4-8.
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    In order to solve the problems such as soil and water loss, eco-environmental degradation, frequentflooding and drought disasters in the Poyang Lake Basin before the 1970's, the approach of integrated watershed management has been adopted and applied, and "Mountain-River-Lake Integrated Development and Management Program" has be implemented. The program combined greening mountains and harnessing rivers with economic development aiming to pursuing the balance of social-economic development, environmental protection and ecological reconstruction. With the unremitting efforts in the past 20 years, a "green Jiangxi" has been constructed , and the capacity of regional sustainable development has been enhanced. After the entrance of the new century, the development strategy of "gold mountains and silver mountains are needed, but clear waters and green mountains are much more desirable" was put forward and the social-economic development in the Poyang Lake Basin was speeded up with the precondition of eco-environmental protection.
  • ARTICLES
    Guiding Modernization Construction with Scientific Development View--The Theory and Practice of Realizing Modernization First in Zhejiang Area
    FENG Shisong
    2005, 7(1): 9-15.
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    The 16th National People's Congress determines the goal of building a well-to-do society wholly, puts forward that the places with good conditions can be developed faster and realize modernization first on the basis of building a well-to-do society wholly. As a coastal advanced province with developed cities, guided by scientific development view, according to the actual conditions of the province, Zhejiang area puts forward objective of struggle for realizing modernization within the province in 2020 and formulates eight strategies for it, carries out beneficial practice in the process of building a well-to-do society wholly and realizing modernization first.
  • ARTICLES
    Creative Thought in the Study of Earth Science
    LIU Dechang
    2005, 7(1): 16-19.
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    Based on the analysis of certain achievements in the geological history, this paper mainly discusses eight issues concerning creative thought in the study of earth science. Those issues include: l)the creative thought is chained by old idea; 2) suspicion and dissatisfaction to the old idea is the starting point of the creative thought; 3) creative thought originates from the creative observation; 4) imagination and deduction is the important parts of the creative thought; 5) systemic analysis to the information is beneficial to the creative thought; 6) the effect of front and clearance in the creative thought; 7) contrast, focus and extension are the general way in the geological research; and 8) inspiration takes an important role in the creative thought.
  • ARTICLES
    Design and Development of Mountain Altitudinal Belt Information System of China
    ZHANG Baiping, TAN Ya, WU Hongzhi
    2005, 7(1): 20-24.
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    This paper considers that there is a gap between mountain altitudinal belts and the traditional GIS, and that a "bridge" should be constructed between them. A "digital engine" is created, which makes it possible to digitize mountain altitudinal belts. Based on the collection of a great amount of data and resource about mountain vertical belts and their standardization in China, this paper makes use of the component AO of ArcGIS and VB programming language to develop a mountain altitudinal belt information system (1.0) for China. This system is object-oriented, and establishes the spatial connection between altitudinal belt spectra and geographical location, allowing the possibility for the digital analysis of vertical belts between multiple regions. The interface of this system is friendly, easy to operate. This information system provides physical geographers and ecologists with a perfect data collection of mountain altitudinal belts and an effective tool for spatial analysis of mountain altitudinal belts. Its successful development means that the study of mountain altitudinal belts has entered a digital era.
  • ARTICLES
    Analysis of the Spatial-temporal Characteristics of Land-use Change in the Eastern and Western Parts of China in the 1990s
    XIANG Bao
    2005, 7(1): 28-37,2.
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    The author reviewed the research activities of remote sensing dynamic investigation of resources and environment in China carried out since the reform and open policy. Supported by the spatial-temporal information platform of 1km land-use background and dynamic grid data and land-use dynamic degree models, this paper calculated the single and integrated land-use dynamic degrees of whole China and the eastern and western parts of China. The integrated dynamic degree' s spatial distribution shows that the dynamic degree of the eastern part of China is higher than that of the western, and in the eastern part the dynamic degree of southeast coastal area, lower Yangtze River Plain, northern part of the North China Plain and Northeast China Plain is higher and that of South China, middle and southern part of North China Plain is very low, in the western part of China, the dynamic degree of the middle and eastern parts of Inner Mongolia is very high, and that of the western part of Xinjiang, Sichuan and Yunnan is also relatively high, however, that of Tibetan Plateau, western part of Inner Mongolia is very low. Furthermore, we studied the spatial-temporal dynamic change of land-use in the eastern and western parts of China during 1990~2000, based on the analysis of basic characters of land-use change and land-use conversion characters. The result showns that in the research period the cropland, town and rural area and water body area increased in the eastern and western parts of China, and the increasingspeed of cropland in the western part is higher than that in the eastern part. It also shows that the woodland and grassland area in the eastern and western parts of China decreased in the past ten years, and the decreasing speed of woodland and grassland in the eastern part is higher than that of western part. We also found that the unused land in the eastern part of China decreased in the research period, however, that of the western part of China increased in the same research period.
  • ARTICLES
    Pattern of Land and Resources Information Exchange Architecture (LRIEA) and its Application
    WU Hongqiao, CHI Tianhe, HE Jianbang
    2005, 7(1): 38-42.
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    Land and resources information contains multiplicate data source and mass volume of data. Moreover, new data is being generated in daily management. All these have increased the practical difficulties in the management and services of land and resources information. In the current management of land and resources in China, it is urgent to exchange and update information periodically or real-timely between superior department and junior department in China, that is between relevant government departments at national, provincial, municipal or prefectural levels. In the above data, spatial data concerning land monitoring, mining and geologic surveying dominate in information management and services.Facing at the above status, this paper has introduced the general idea of information exchange of land and resources. That is to set up a unique data center at the national level; data is gathered from municipal level to provincial level, then from provincial to the data center (national level) gradually. In light of this idea, data is backuped incrementally in data center. Also, information can be exchanged real-timely under the uniform network system. According to the above general idea, this paper has also analyzed the exercisable pattern and practical techniques, in which GML-Geography Markup Language is emphasized.
  • ARTICLES
    An Operational Algorithm of the Ideal Equilibrium Profile Lines of Rivers
    WANG Naibin, JIANG Dong
    2005, 7(1): 43-46,52.
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    The paper paid much attention to Virtual Geographical Environments of ideal equilibrium profile lines of rivers. Surface runoff is one of the important factors figuring the earth's surface. The reconstructing action on the earth's surface by fluvial process, which includes erosion, mass transportation and accumulation, results in erosion and accumulation of landforms, and these two types of landforms have close relations with each other. Based on the mechanism of the formation of the equilibrium profile line of rivers presented by the geomorpholo gists, the paper deduced the theoretic formula of the equilibrium profile line. Because there are three landform stages in China from west to east, the paper calculated three equilibrium profile lines of the Huanghe River: L1 was the total equilibrium profile line of the Huanghe River, L2 and L3 were local equilibrium profile lines which took Togtoh or Songduo as local datum planes. The equilibrium profile lines of the Huanghe River have theoretic significance on the researches of the development of rivers and their capabilities of erosion and transportation.
  • ARTICLES
    Indexes System of 3D Symbols on the Landscapes TUPU of Loess Plateau and its Application
    JI Cuiling, QI Qingwen, ZHANG Keli
    2005, 7(1): 47-52.
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    Loess Plateau has long been receiving intense attention from geomorphologists and cartographers because of its special landscape. The traditional expression methods, such as written text, relief maps and images do not seem instinctive and effective to show the true landscape features. Geo-Info-TUPU, an innovation in the theory, methodology, product and application of Geo-System Science and Geo-information Science, discloses and indicates the internal laws hidden in geographical objects and phenomena and generally is denoted with maps, images, graphics, diagrams, etc. 3D visualization technology is a very important method to reconstruct three dimension sense and help to reveal the true visage. Thus, Geo-Info-TUPU plus 3D visualization technology will be a very appropriate method to effectively express the landscape features of Loess Plateau.Landscapes TUPU of Loess Plateau reveals the laws of landscape features with image, 2D and 3D graphics. The research results of the former geomorphologists and cartographers are carefully studied by using graph thinking, extraction, generalization and data mining methods and the laws of landscapes features are extracted. Horizontal and vertical feature indexes, including detailed qualitative and quantitative ones, of positive and negative landscapes of Loess Plateau, are established, and therefore give important references to 3D modeling, Accurate description for all kinds of landscape models will be very helpful to cognize and research the true features and will be meaningful for the virtual reform and forecast of Geo-objects. This experiment not only is an example of applying Geo-Info-TUPU but can also help to cognize, to express and even to protect the landscape of Loess Plateau.
  • ARTICLES
    Multi-variate Analysis for Image of CBERS-1 and Data Mining of Forest Vegetation Based on GIS
    FU Qiaoyan, WANG Zhiming, MIN Xiangjun, LI Xingchao, YANG Xuemei, ZHU Jun, LUO Yang
    2005, 7(1): 53-58.
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    This paper discusses the band combination method and nonlinear band ratio image for CBERS-1 CCD image based on knowledge by selecting analysis and application. Using the theory for geographical multi-information analysis, it is discussed that the factors of topography, geologic lithology and soil which affect the image characteristics of vegetation types such as Shrubbery and Shrub Land. The satisfactory result is achieved by the classification recode method, fusion analysis for geographical information with modeling tools, second-hand developed model, target types delamination extraction, multi-information analysis and cartography with human-computer interactive interpreting method based on GIS and background database.
  • ARTICLES
    Implementation of Universal GML 3.0 Parsing Engine
    LAN Xiaoji, LU Guonian, ZHANG Shuliang, Jiang Yongfa
    2005, 7(1): 59-64,75.
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    GML provides a set of core schemas together with a simple semantic model between objects andproperties. Using the GML model and its schema components, users can define their own GML application schemas flexibly. However, this flexibility results in much difference among GML application schemas of different users and in different domains, and also presents a substantial difficulty for writing GML software applications because the software would be expected to understand any GML dataset. The software can perform type discovery on the schema to identify which XML elements from the GML dataset represent a feature, a feature's properties, a feature's geometric properties, and a feature's topological properties. How to parse arbitrary GML user application schemas and understand the semantic meaning of elements and types becomes a difficult problem that must be solved in GML based spatial data semantic integrating and sharing. Developing one universal GML parsing engine is very important to GML based spatial data semantic integrating and sharing. Three core schemas used most frequently and relationship between GML application schema and core schemas, and constraint rules among elements and types in GML schemas are introduced first in this paper. Feature's properties composition is analyzed in section 3. In section 4, method of semantic identifying elements in GML application schema is put forward. In section 5, the universal GML Parsing Engine is implemented using JavaBeans techniques in JBuilder X Environment. Section 6 is the conclusion of this paper.
  • ARTICLES
    Strategy of Data Transmission in Grid-GIS
    SUN Qinghui, LUO Jiancheng, ZHAO Junxi
    2005, 7(1): 65-70.
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    Data distribution of GIS has been made realism through WebGIS. With the increasing need of data sharing and GIS, WebGIS can no longer meet this requirement. The application of Grid Computing and Middleware technology in GIS make a promise for the development of Middleware Grid-GIS. Grid-GIS not only makes spatial data distributed, but also makes the functional services of GIS distributed. Grid-GIS has the following characteristics:(1) Sharing of spatial data and GIS function; (2) highly performance of computation; (3) easiness for GIS software development; (4) equity in architecture; (5) high security; and (6) easy for GIS application.In this paper the procession of data transmission was recommended, and the strategy of data transmission in Grid-GIS was put forward in order to meet the functional requirement for data transmission.In data transmission of Grid-GIS, GML was used as the description of geographic data. GML is the extending use of Extreme Markup Language (XML) in the area of Geography. Using GML user can store and transmit the attribute and location information of geographical feature. GML can describe geographical feature into text of XML format, and supply the spatial information transmission between GIS components with cogent technology.The data transmission service of Grid-GIS was constructed by taking the advantage of Web services and MO Middleware technology. Web services are a new breed of web applications. They are self-contained, self described and the modular application can be published, located and invoked across the web. Web services perform functions that can be anything from simple requests to complicated business process. Once a web service is deployed, other applications (and other web services) can discover a deployed service. Security of data transmission in Grid-GIS was also expounded. It was accomplished by using the proxy method.
  • ARTICLES
    A Cellular Automata Model Based on Genetic Algorithm Simultaneously Retrieving Factor Weights
    FENG Chun, MA Jianwen, DAI Qin, CHEN Xue, LI Qiqing
    2005, 7(1): 71-75.
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    A city is a self-organizing complex system. Its growth is affected by many uncertain factors. CA models have strong spatial calculating capabilities, and they can effectively simulate complex dynamic systems. The state of a system is determined by the simultaneous iterative evolvements of cell states based on certain transitional rules. CA models play important roles in simulating urban growth and other geographic phenomena. Cell, state, adjacent relation and transitional rule are the four basic elements. Spatial cells have the same dimensions. The change type of a cell's state lies on the previous state of the cell and adjacent cells'states. Change or not is controlled by transitional rules. The transitional rules are the core of CA models. They can be used to calcu-late changing potential of geographic cells with the states and spatial relationships of the cells. When simulation urban growth spatial parameters are needed. Each spatial parameter has a corresponding factor weight under calculation, which reflects the relative importance of the parameter to urban growth. The determination of spatial factor weights used in the CA transitional rules is difficult. Existing methods have shortcomings, such as low reliability, too much operation procedures and so on. An improved genetic algorithm is adopted to automate the determination of factor weights. Genetic algorithm is an optimized algorithm, which can get optimum result; meanwhile, the improved real number coding genetic algorithm avoids the shortcomings of traditional binary coding genetic algorithm. It is tested with Beijing growth simulation method using TM remote sensing image classification results of 1994 and 2001. Compared with the existing methods, it shortens computing time and raises simulating precision.
  • ARTICLES
    The Research of Database-based Storage for Spatial Data
    MAO Xiancheng, PENG Huarong
    2005, 7(1): 76-79,83.
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    The handling of spatial data is a key issue of Geographic Information System (GIS). The spatial data can be analyzed and applied when stored and operated in GIS. So, it is important for GIS to store and manage spatial data. At first, this paper introduces the present research status, then analyses ESRI's Spatial Database Engine (SDE) and MapInfo's SpatialWare. It is concluded that the development direction that spatial data and attribute data are managed under Database Manage System (DBMS) is a necessary trend for unified storage and management. Then, depended on the practical technology, the paper discusses storage models of spatial data, and points out a good storage model is Relational Database Manage System (RDBMS) or Oriented Relational Database Manage System (ORDBMS). So, a data model of spatial graphical data storage in RDBMS is presented in this paper. Finally, in light of this model, the paper analyses a relational spatial-data structure based on SQL Server.
  • ARTICLES
    The Design and Realization of China Geomagnetic GIS
    YANG Zuhu, RONG Kai
    2005, 7(1): 80-83.
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    This paper explores the feasibilities of applying GIS to the management of geomagnetic related information, taking the design and realization of the China Geomagnetic Geographic Information System (CGGIS) as an example.It introduces the brief design process, including the network structure, logical structure and functional structure of the system. It also describes some of the key functions that have been successfully realized, such as the E-card function of the geomagnetic observation station, the GIS aided location design function of the geomagnetic observation stations, and the geomagnetic model visualization function, etc.The result shows that the database and its application system based on GIS technology not only can manage the related geomagnetic chart data of sea-amount efficiently, but also can be helpful to present the obtained geomagnetic data expediently and directly, integrate the related spatial data efficiently and discover the hidden laws concerned the geomagnetic field. Such a Spatial Enabled Geomagnetism Information System (SEGIS) deserves further research and application.
  • ARTICLES
    Remote Sensing Information Extraction Based Vegetation Fraction in Semiarid Area
    NIU Baoru, LIU Junrong, WANG Zhengwei
    2005, 7(1): 84-86,97-131.
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    The paper analyzes three plans on extraction of vegetation cover rate using remote sensing, i.e., experience model plan,vegetation index plan and mix-pix analytical plan and identifies their force, precision and existing problems in actual application. It points out what affects the wide application of precision of vegetation index transform plan abroad is the choose of the maximum NDVI - complete vegetation cover.Based upon this it introduces an improved model of vegetation index transform plan using the maximum NDVI value of the high resolution satellite image as the homogenous pixel's NDVI value to replace the NDVI value of the middle resolution satellite image, set up vegetation cover extraction model so as to develop a method for obtaining large scale vegetation cover with the aid of middle resolution satellite image. Practice proves this method is simple and practical, suitable for large scale macroscopic monitoring by applying middle resolution satellite image.
  • ARTICLES
    A Discussioin on Key Techniques in 3D GIS Rendering Engine
    CAO Guofeng, ZHANG Lili, ZHONG Ershun
    2005, 7(1): 87-91.
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    With the fast development of Computer Graphics and the increase of visual need of the people,3DGIS has become the main trend in GIS. But the way people can get spatial data has been improved greatly which made the explosion of the spatial data that GIS can handle and increased the complexity of the 3DGIS scenes. Besides, to be real-time is also a must in 3D system,all of these challenge the research and development of 3DGIS software.In this situation, based on the analysis of the key features of the 3DGIS, this article presented the definition of the 3DGIS Rendering Engine, and offered some key techniques to render complex, large scale 3DGIS scenes, such as SceneGraph, Level of Detail, View Frustum Culling, Occulding Culling, Rendering Pipe, etc. The author also explained clearly the theory behind them and proved the efficiencies of these techniques through experiment. Besides that, this arcticle presented that 3DGIS Rendering Engine, as the core of 3DGIS, can also decrease the difficulties of the development of 3DGIS and increase the reusability of the software.
  • ARTICLES
    The Research and Realization of Maritime Navigation Aid 3DGIS System
    PENG Guojun, CHI Tianhe, JI Cuiling, XIANG Lu, ZHANG Xinggu, LIN Fuqiang, CHEN Zongheng
    2005, 7(1): 92-97.
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    Maritime Navigation Aid System is an important part of Maritime Traffic Safety Guarantee System. Informationalization of Navigation Aid is one of the important basis for "Digital Maritime Safety Administration" strategic implementation. Based on the actual operation demands of navigation aid administration and real-timemonitoring of Xiamen Navigation Aids Branch of Shanghai Maritime Safety Administrator, this paper conducts applied research and system realization of navigation aid 3DGIS system using the technique of integration of real-time simulation and digital maritime chart. This system is favorable for the checkout and selection of navigation aid setting and for the administrator's coping with possible contingencies and making decisions right on the spot. From the point of operational application and system realization, this paper gives a brief introduction to the system.
  • ARTICLES
    The Design and Application of City Water Supply Information System--A Case Study of Changsha City
    QIN Jianxin, WEI Xiaofang, LIAO Lang, PENG Jiangui
    2005, 7(1): 98-102.
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    The paper firstyly analyzed the water supply status quo of Changsha city, and then pointed out the problems of the city's water supply system, such as the outdated water supply infrastructure, the laggard management methods, and the disordered charge system. Then the paper put forward the countermeasures and approaches to solving the problems, namely, exploiting new drinking water source, saving domestic water consumption, and establishing the direct drinking water system based on GIS technique. At the same time, a project of solving the problem of domestic water supply based on GIS is brought forward. Finally, taking Changsha city as a case, the Changsha city water supply information system is established. From the application of the system, the essentiality and role of the city's water supply information management based on GIS technique is understood by all the people.
  • ARTICLES
    Extracting Vegetation Coverage Information from ASTER Remote Sensing Data Based on Linear Spectral Immixture Model
    LI Hui, CHEN Jianfei, YU Ming
    2005, 7(1): 103-106,115.
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    Vegetation coverage is an important parameter for evaluating eco-environment of a certain region.Numerous methods have been developed to derive local vegetation condition information from remote sensing data nowadays. Because the existence of mixed pixel, many spectral immixture models have been developed such as linear, probabilistic, geometric-optical, stochastic geometric, fuzzy models. This article tried the most convenient and simple method, linear spectral immixture model on ASTER image data of Fuzhou area. Using this method this paper has generated the vegetation fraction image of Fuzhou area, and evaluated the result by doing a regression analysis between it and the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) image which is also derived from the same scene of the image. The evaluating result shows a strong positive correlation. The landscape matrix of the research area has also been obtained by using FRAGSTSTS software package, which shows that the vegetation coverage of Fuzhou area is in good condition except the dominant type is in the moderate condition.
  • ARTICLES
    Spectral Pattern Extract and Related Analysis Based on LANDSAT7 ETM+Images——Taking Land Cover in Miyun District of Beijing as a Case
    ZHANG Xiangping, YANG Xiaohuan
    2005, 7(1): 107-110.
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    The main purpose of this paper is to extract three spectral coefficients of water factor, vegetation factor and soil factor which are contained in every pixel of LANDSAT ETM+ images in order to get a new available method to process similar multi- or high-spectral images. It mainly applies a multi-spectral analysis method, i. e., Pattern Decomposition Method based on the LANDSAT ETM+ images at Beijing area. At first, this study transfers the DN value of the sensor recorded to the satellite reflectance and at the same time makes atmospheric correction to all six bands of 1-5 and 7. Secondly, through band math using Envi software to extract the standard spectral pattern: water pattern, vegetation pattern and soil pattern which are the common parts of the ground objects having the similar characters. Thirdly, decomposition is performed to the whole image using Mat-lab software to get the three decomposition coefficients for every pixel. Finally, a case applying the vicinity of Miyun Reservoir in Beijing, through the three coefficients, a direct land cover type and area are recognized and calculated based on some discrimination conditions. It is convenient to convert the resultant data to land cover grid, and based on the three coefficients ratio one can get the percentage of the objects in every pixel.
  • ARTICLES
    Auto-Detection of Land Cover Changes Based on Satellite Image Fusion Technique
    LUO Cailian, XU Hanqiu
    2005, 7(1): 111-115.
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    There are many image fusion methods developed in recent years with the development of multi sensor, multi-temporal and multi -spectral remote sensing technologies. Of these, the HIS, PCS, HPF, SFIM, SVR, Wavelet and Brovey fusion methods are widely used. However, the traditional image fusion is a technology that usually merges the images with the same temporal or near temporal data to increase the image spatial resolution and multi -spectral resolution. The fusion image can largely improve the image visualization and increase the classification accuracy when using appropriate image merging technique. However, this paper proposes a merging method that uses different time serial TM/ETM+ images to do image fusion. After this process we can apply the unsupervised classification method and the second principal component method on the resultant fusion image to detect and extract land cover change areas. To evaluate accuracy of the methods, we use post-classification method to classify TM image of 1986 and ETM+ image of 2000, and then extract land cover change areas. After this, the detected results of unsupervised classification and the second component analysis were compared with that detected using the post-classification method. The comparison reveals that the two methods used in this study have much higher accuracy than the post-classification method. The study indicates that these two methods can quickly and efficiently detect land cover changes.
  • ARTICLES
    The Research of the Eco-envionmental Spatial Distribution Pattern Tupu in Fujian Province
    WU Guosheng, LIN Huihua, LIAO Ke
    2005, 7(1): 116-121.
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    Based on the theories of Geo-information Tupu and supported by the technologies of Geographical Information System and Remote Sensing, this paper, taking the Fujian province as a case, first selects hydro thermal conditions, land cover, topography etc. as the indexes, and calculates their weights using the Analytical Hierachical Process method, so as to workout the synthetic eco-environmental evaluation grade map of Fujian province. It then defines the regional eco-environmental quality index, selects the main geographical spatial elements such as coastal strip, main rivers, main cities, and the main railways etc. to build the buffering zones. Finally it overlays the buffering zone on the synthetic eco-environmental evaluation grade map to result a series of spatial distribution pattern maps of eco-environmental quality index, and applies these maps to constitute the eco-envionmental spatial distribution pattern Tupu of the Fujian province. According to the analysis of the Tupu, this paper draws the following conclusions: most of the economically flourishing regions possess of preferable eco-environments, and few of economically flourishing regions with the worse eco-environment locating in the middle coastal strip, where the vegetation cover rate is low due to human's irrational developments and utilization of land resources. In a word, with the theories of geo-information Tupu, the paper expounds the eco-environmental spatial distribution laws clearly and effectively, and this attempt explores and develops the investigative ideas and methods on eco-environment.
  • ARTICLES
    Study on the Making of 1:100000 Serial Integrated Remote Sensing Maps on Eco-environment in Xiamen City
    QUAN Bin, LIAO Ke, CHEN Fengzhen, CHEN Wenhui,YANG Xiaoqi, CAI Tingling, LI Bicheng
    2005, 7(1): 122-125,130-131.
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    This paper firstly introduces the general condition and characteristics of the regional environment.Then it identifies the classification systems on ecological elements composed of environmental landscapes, such as geology, landform, soil, vegetation, etc. Based on these and two satellite images from Landsat TM/ETM+ in March,2001 in Xiamen city, the contents of the study on the serial integrated remote sensing mapping of eco environment in Xiamen city are defined. Its theoretical foundation, in fact, is a methodology of map deduction which is analyzed and discussed. Its cores or key contents are the synthesis based on the analysis and in the meantime on the analysis under the guidance of the synthesis. After the identified symbols of image interpretation are established, the remote sensing images are interpreted through the naked eyes and the results are corrected by field investigations. The paper further discusses the methods and steps, including confirmation of the outlines of the map and the methods of cartographic generalization, etc. Finally, the detailed processes are described on how to use GIS ArcView software to make the serial integrated remote sensing maps at a scale of 1:100 000 on Xiamen eco-environment, and the latest development tendencies and the view of new century of cartography are also briefly outlined.
  • ARTICLES
    Rigional Remote Sensing Synthetic Analysis of City Eco-environment——A Case Study of Guiyang City Area
    HE Xindong, LI Jing
    2005, 7(1): 126-130.
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    One of the important research fields of the human settlements,which relates to three levels: macro-scopical, middle-level and microcosmic, is to construct the good city environment. And it is the combination of the physical eco-system and man-made eco-system. During the period to construct the sustainable human settlements, "3S" (RS, GIS, and GPS) can play good roles in spatial and attribute data processing, management, analysis and visiblization as strong tools. This article gives a case of Guiyang city area to discuss the concrete application of human settlements study in the analysis of city eco-environment. The study result can help us bring forward the improvement advice for the existing urban plan of Guiyang, and make this plan to suit the need of constructing the good human settlements environment better.