山地城市公交系统服务在老年人群体中分配公平性评价

doi:10.12082/dqxxkx.2021.200333

地球信息科学学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 23 ›› Issue (4): 617-631.doi: 10.12082/dqxxkx.2021.200333

• 地球信息科学理论与方法 • 上一篇下一篇

山地城市公交系统服务在老年人群体中分配公平性评价

段梅花¹(), 赵航¹^,^*(), 龙立美¹, 欧仁教²

1.贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院,贵阳 550001
2.锦屏中学地理组,锦屏 556700

收稿日期:2020-06-28 修回日期:2020-08-25 出版日期:2021-04-25 发布日期:2021-06-25
通讯作者: *赵航（1981— ）,男,贵州贵阳人,博士,副教授,硕士生导师,主要从事人文地理和交通地理研究。 E-mail: wazua@136.com
作者简介:段梅花（1995— ）,女,云南保山人,硕士生,主要从事区域发展与规划研究。E-mail: 2621459769@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目(71864008);贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合平台人才[2018]5769号)

The Evaluation of Allocation Fairness to Urban Transit System Service for the Elderly in Mountainous City

DUAN Meihua¹(), ZHAO Hang¹^,^*(), LONG Limei¹, OU Renjiao²

1. School of Geographic and Environmental Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang 550001, China
2. Group of Geographic, Jinping Middle School,Jinping 556700, China

Received:2020-06-28 Revised:2020-08-25 Online:2021-04-25 Published:2021-06-25
Contact: ZHAO Hang
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant(71864008);Science and Technology Program Project of Guizhou(Platform Talents[2018]5769)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

公交系统作为一种面向公众全体尤其是弱势群体的公共服务设施,其公平性对于促进宜居城市与公交都市建设具有较大的现实意义。本研究考虑山地城市地形变化的影响,提出了一类测度公交站点实际服务范围的新方法来修正公交服务供给公平性评价模型,并以贵阳市为例,对贵阳市公交系统服务供给在老年群体中分配的公平性进行分析。研究结果表明： ① 山地城市地形影响下的公交站点实际服务范围将降低,公交供给服务水平明显下降;② “常规+BRT（Bus Rapid Transit快速公交）”公交系统服务供给在老年人群体中分配公平性程度处于差距悬殊等级,且分配呈现出两极分化趋势;“常规+BRT”公交系统服务供给在老年人群体中空间配置失衡较为显著,城市核心区老年群体较为集聚,然而享有的人均“常规+BRT”公交系统服务供给低于整体水平;③ 若增加轨道1号线,“常规+BRT”公交系统服务供给在老年人群体中分配呈现出的两极分化趋势在一定程度上得到了缓解;“常规+BRT”公交系统服务供给在老年人群体中的空间配置失衡得到一定改善。研究结果能为山地城市交通规划部门合理布局公交系统服务供给设施提供理论参考。结合山地城市地形变化特点,本研究针对公交系统服务供给存在的公平性问题,提出了相应的优化建议。

关键词: 山地城市, 城市公交系统, 服务范围, 服务供给, 老年人群, 公交公平性, 空间配置, 贵阳市

Abstract:

Urban transit system is a public service facility oriented for the public, especially the vulnerable groups. The fairness of urban transit service is of great significance for promoting the construction of livable and transit-oriented cities. Considering the impact of terrain variation in mountainous cities, an innovative approach is proposed to measure the actual service scope of transit stops to modify the fairness evaluation model of transit service. Taking Guiyang city as an example, the fairness of transit service is analyzed for the elderly group in Guiyang. The results show that: (1) Due to the influence of the terrain of the mountainous city, the actual service scope of stops and the number of residents covered will decrease. The service scope of transit supply has decreased significantly. Considering the terrain factors, the service supply scope of transit system based on modified model is more consistent with the actual situation of mountainous cities; (2) The distribution of service supply of "Bus + BRT (Bus Rapid Transit)" transit system for the elderly group presents a circle structure, which gradually decreases from the core area to the periphery of the urban area. The fairness of transit service supply of "Bus + BRT" transit system among the elderly groups is at a great disparity level, and its distribution tends to be polarized. The spatial allocation of "Bus + BRT" transit system service supply in the elderly group is significantly unbalanced. Although the elderly group is more concentrated in the urban core, the per capita service supply of "Bus + BRT" transit system is lower than the average level. (3) When Rail Transit line 1 is added to the "Bus + BRT" transit system, the transit service supply presents an irregular "core-periphery" structure around the Rail Line 1. The polarization trend of the service supply from "Bus + BRT"transit system among the elderly group decreased, and the unbalanced spatial allocation of "Bus + BRT" transit system service supply among the elderly group was improved. Rail transit operation exerts a significant effect on the improvement of urban transit service supply. The research results could provide a theoretical reference for the transportation planning department of mountainous cities to reasonably carry out the layout of service supply facilities in urban transit system. Combined with terrain variation characteristics of mountainous city, some suggestions are also proposed to promote the fairness of the service supply of urban transit system in Guiyang.

Key words: mountainous city, urban transit system, service scope, service supply, elderly group, transit fairness, spatial allocation, Guiyang

段梅花, 赵航, 龙立美, 欧仁教. 山地城市公交系统服务在老年人群体中分配公平性评价[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2021, 23(4): 617-631.DOI:10.12082/dqxxkx.2021.200333

DUAN Meihua, ZHAO Hang, LONG Limei, OU Renjiao. The Evaluation of Allocation Fairness to Urban Transit System Service for the Elderly in Mountainous City[J]. Journal of Geo-information Science, 2021, 23(4): 617-631.DOI:10.12082/dqxxkx.2021.200333

图/表 19

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

表1

表2

图7

图8

图9

表3

图10

表4

图11

图12

表5

图13

图14

参考文献 40

[1]	滕丽, 杨永春. 狭义河谷型城市交通问题研究——以兰州市为例[J]. 经济地理, 2002,22(1):72-76.
	[ Teng L, Yang Y C. The study on the traffic problems of valley-city: A case study of Lanzhou city[J]. Economic Geography, 2002,22(1):72-76. ]
[2]	Colopy J H. Road less traveled: Pursuing environmental justice through title VI of the civil rights act of 1964[J]. The Stanford Environmental Law Journal, 1994,13:125-189.
[3]	Walker J. Human transit: How clearer thinking about public transit can enrich our communities and our lives, by Jarrett Walker[M]. Washington D. C: Island Press, 2012.
[4]	Bandegani M, Akbarzadeh M. Evaluation of horizontal equity under a distance-based transit fare structure[J]. Journal of Public Transportation, 2016,19(3):161-172.
[5]	El-Geneidy A, Levinson D, Diab E, et al. The cost of equity: Assessing transit accessibility and social disparity using total travel cost[J]. Transportation Research Part A Policy & Practice, 2016,91:302-316.
[6]	Pyrialakou V D, Gkritza K, Fricker J D. Accessibility, mobility, and realized travel behavior: Assessing transport disadvantage from a policy perspective[J]. Journal of Transport Geography, 2016,51:252-269.
[7]	Welch T F. Equity in transport: The distribution of transit access and connectivity among affordable housing units[J]. Transport Policy, 2013,30(11):283-293.
[8]	Welch T F, Mishra S. A measure of equity for public transit connectivity[J]. Journal of Transport Geography, 2013,33(12):29-41.
[9]	Martens K. Justice in transport as justice in accessibility: Applying Walzer's "Spheres of Justice" to the transport sector[J]. Transportation, 2012,39(6):1035-1053.
[10]	Rowangould D, Karner A, London J. Identifying environmental justice communities for transportation analysis[J]. Transportation Research Part A Policy & Practice, 2016,88:151-162.
[11]	王世军. 中国城市机动性与社会排斥[J]. 城市规划学刊, 2011(4):87-92.
	[ Wang S J. Urban mobility and social exclusion in China[J]. Urban Planning Forum, 2011(4):87-92. ]
[12]	郭玉坤. 交通在缓解社会排斥中的作用[J]. 城市问题, 2012(11):77-81.
	[ Guo Y K. Role of the traffic in abating social exclusion[J]. Urban Problems, 2012(11):77-81. ]
[13]	孙涛, 徐捷, 陈朝霞. 天津市低收入群体公共交通出行研究[J]. 城市, 2006,21(6):44-46.
	[ Sun T, Xu J, Chen Z X. Study on public transport trip of low income group in Tianjin[J]. City, 2006,21(6):44-46. ]
[14]	谌丽, 张文忠, 党云晓, 等. 北京市低收入人群的居住空间分布、演变与聚居类型[J]. 地理研究, 2012,31(4):720-732.
	[ Chen L, Zhang W Z, Dang Y X, et al. The spatial distribution, transition and residential pattern of low-income residents in Beijing[J]. Geographical Research, 2012,31(4):720-732. ]
[15]	熊志平. 城市公共交通系统对残疾人适应性评价研究[D]. 成都:西南交通大学, 2009: 7-20.
	[ Xiong Z P. Study on the evaluation of adaptability of public transport system to person with disabilities[D]. Chengdu: Southwest Jiao tong University Master Degree Thesis, 2009. ]
[16]	柴彦威. 中国城市老年人的活动空间[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2010: 201-207.
	[ Chai Y W. Activity space for the elderly in Chinese cities[M]. Beijing: Science Press, 2010. ]
[17]	Hess D B. Walking to the bus: Perceived versus actual walking distance to bus stops for older adults[J]. Transportation, 2011,39(2):1-20.
[18]	Currie G, Delbosc A. Modelling the social and psychological impacts of transport disadvantage[J]. Transportation, 2010,37(6):953-966.
[19]	Fransen K, Neutens T, Farber S, et al. Identifying public transport gaps using time-dependent accessibility levels[J]. Journal of Transport Geography, 2015,48:176-187.
[20]	Welch T F, Mishra S. A measure of equity for public transit connectivity[J]. Journal of Transport Geography, 2013,33(12):29-41.
[21]	Kaplan S, Popoks D, Prato C G, et al. Using connectivity for measuring equity in transit provision[J]. Journal of Transport Geography, 2014,37:82-92.
[22]	Ricciardi A M, Xia J, Currie G. Exploring public transport equity between separate disadvantaged cohorts: A case study in Perth, Australia[J]. Journal of Transport Geography, 2015,43:111-122.
[23]	Delbosc A, Currie G. Using Lorenz curves to assess public transport equity[J]. Journal of Transport Geography, 2011,19(6):1252-1259.
[24]	吕政义. 城市交通公平性评价及对策研究[D]. 西安:长安大学, 2005.
	[ Lv Z Y. Evaluating urban transportation equity and corresponding solution study[D]. Xi'an: Chang'an University, 2005. ]
[25]	吴茂林, 曹凯. 基于基尼系数的交通公平性定量评价[J]. 交通科技与经济, 2011,13(1):87-89.
	[ Wu M L, Cao K. Quantitative evaluation method of traffic fairness based on Gini coefficient[J]. Technology & Economy in Areas of Communications, 2001,13(1):87-89. ]
[26]	王庆云, 于强. 关于交通公平的理论探讨[J]. 综合运输, 2007,29(8):5-9.
	[ Wang Q Y, Yu Q. Discussion on the theory of traffic equity of Science Press[J]. China Transportation Review, 2007,29(8):5-9. ]
[27]	戢晓峰, 张玉鹏, 陈方. 基于剥夺的快速城市化地区交通公平评估模型[J]. 交通运输系统工程与信息, 2012,12(5):7-13.
	[ Ji X F, Zhang Y P, Chen F. Deprivation-based transportation equity evaluation model for rapid urbanization area[J]. Journal of Transportation Systems Engineering and Information Technology, 2012,12(5):7-13. ]
[28]	贺席燕, 赵航, 黄红良. 贵阳市道路拥堵状态时空分布规律研究——基于出租车GPS大数据[J]. 人文地理, 2018,33(3):112-120.
	[ He X Y, Zhao H, Huang H L. The temporal and spatial distribution to the state of road congestion based on big data of taxi GPS in Guiyang city[J]. Human Geography, 2018,33(3):112-120. ]
[29]	黄红良, 赵航, 龙立美, 等. 基于城市公共交通的贵阳市旅游景点可达性分析[J]. 贵州师范大学学报(自然科学版), 2018,36(6):68-77.
	[ Huang H L, Zhao H, Long L M, et al. Analysis on accessibility of scenic spots based on urban public transport in Guiyang[J]. Journal of Guizhou Normal University (Natural Sciences), 2018,36(6):68-77. ]
[30]	高红艳, 刁承泰. 试论喀斯特地貌对城市发展建设的影响——以喀斯特山区城市贵阳为例[J]. 中国岩溶, 2010,29(1):81-86.
	[ Gao H Y, Xi C T. Discussion on the impact of karst topography to urban development: A case in Guiyang City[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2010,29(1):81-86. ]
[31]	中国科学院计算机网络信息中心地理空间数据云平台. DEM数字高程数据[EB/OL]. http://www.gscloud.cn/.
	[ Geospatial data cloud platform of computer network information center of Chinese Academy of Sciences. DEM digital elevation data[EB/OL]. http://www.gscloud.cn/. ]
[32]	高德开放平台. 公交站查询-公交信息查询-示例中心-地图JS API\|高德地图API[EB/OL]. https://lbs.amap.com/api/javascript-api/example/bus-info/search-bus-station.
	[ Lbs. amap.com. Search bus station-bus info-example-map JS API \| amap API[EB/OL]. https://lbs.amap.com/api/javascript-api/example/bus-info/search-bus-station. ]
[33]	高德开放平台. 卫星和路网-高德官方图层-示例中心-地图JS API \| 高德地图API[EB/OL]. https://lbs.amap.com/api/javascript-api/example/layers/roadnet.
	[ Lbs. am ap.com. Satellite and roadnet-amap layers-example-map JS API \| amap API[EB/OL]. https://lbs.amap.com/api/javascript-api/example/layers/roadnet. ]
[34]	贵阳市统计局国家统计局贵阳调查队. 2019年贵阳市统计年鉴[M]. 北京: 中国统计出版社, 2019.
	[ Guiyang bureau of statistics NBS survey office in Guiyang. 2019 Guiyang statistical yearbook[M]. Beijing: China Statistics Press, 2019. ]
[35]	Phillip R, Carleton J, David P. A comparative analysis of the challenges in measuring transit equity: Definitions, interpretations, and limitations[J]. Journal of Transport Geography, 2018,72(8):64-75.
[36]	Yena S, Hyun K, Keumsook L, et al. Subway network expansion and transit equity : definitions, interpretations,and limitations[J]. journal of Transport Geography, 2018,72(8):64-75.
[37]	岳邦佳, 林爱文, 孙铖. 基于2SFCA的武汉市低收入者公园绿地可达性分析[J]. 现代城市研究, 2017(8):99-107.
	[ Yue B J, Lin A W, Sun C. The analysis of low-income people's park green space accessibility based on 2SFCA in Wuhan[J]. Modern Urban Research, 2017(8):99-107. ]
[38]	顾姝. 上海市中心城区公共绿地分布的社会绩效评价: 从地域公平到社会公平[J]. 城市规划学刊, 2015(2):48-56.
	[ Gu S. An evaluation of social performance in the distribution of urban parks in the central city of Shanghai: from spatial equity to social equity[J]. Urban Planning Forum, 2015(2):48-56. ]
[39]	唐子来, 顾姝. 再议上海市中心城区公共绿地分布的社会绩效评价:从社会公平到社会正义[J]. 城市规划学刊, 2016(1):15-21.
	[ Tang Z L, Gu S. An evaluation of social performance in the distribution of urban parks in the central city of Shanghai: From social equity to social justice[J]. Urban Planning Forum, 2016(1):15-21. ]
[40]	贵阳市城乡规划局. 《贵阳市城市总体规划(2011—2020年)》(2017年修订)[EB/OL]. http://zyghj.guiyang.gov.cn/, 2018-01-04.
	[ Guiyang urban and Rural Planning Bureau. Urban master plan of Guiyang (2011-2020) (revised in 2017)[EB/OL]. http://zyghj.guiyang.gov.cn/, 2018-01-04.]

等级	区位熵值	人均享有公交系统服务供给水平状况
低	<0.50	人均享有公交系统服务供给水平低于中心城区平均水平一半
较低	0.50~0.77
一般	0.77~1.14	人均享有公交系统服务供给水平基本持平于中心城区平均水平
较高	1.14~2.20
高	>2.20	人均享有公交系统服务供给水平高于中心城区平均水平两倍以上

等级	区位熵值	高峰街道数量	高峰街道占比/%	非高峰街道数量	非高峰街道占比/%
低	<0.50	38	50.67	39	52.00
较低	0.50~0.77	6	8.00	10	13.33
一般	0.77~1.14	18	24.00	15	20.00
较高	1.14~2.20	8	10.67	7	9.33
高	>2.20	5	6.67	4	5.33

公交系统类型		服务供给指数最小值	服务供给指数最大值
常规+BRT	高峰	0.59	74.79
常规+BRT	非高峰	0.33	41.50
常规+BRT+轨道1号线	高峰	0.59	13 394.18
常规+BRT+轨道1号线	非高峰	0.33	4032.03

等级	区位熵值	高峰街道数量/条	高峰街道占比/%	非高峰街道数量/条	非高峰街道占比/%
低	<0.50	43	57.33	48	64.00
较低	0.50~0.77	6	8.00	2	2.67
一般	0.77~1.14	2	2.67	3	4.00
较高	1.14~2.20	8	10.67	6	8.00
高	>2.20	16	21.33	16	21.33

山地城市公交系统服务在老年人群体中分配公平性评价

The Evaluation of Allocation Fairness to Urban Transit System Service for the Elderly in Mountainous City

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

赞

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 19

参考文献 40

相关文章 5

Metrics

本文评价

推荐阅读 0

[1]	裴泽华, 葛淼, 李浩, 何进伟, 王聪霞. 基于随机森林模型的中国中老年人群HDL-C环境影响因素研究[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2022, 24(7): 1286-1300.
[2]	史亚星, 朱良君, 秦承志, 朱阿兴. 基于坡位-地块单元的流域最佳管理措施空间优化配置方法[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2021, 23(4): 564-575.
[3]	廖心治, 王华, 赵万民. 融合地图数据的山地城市医疗设施服务覆盖评估方法研究[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2021, 23(4): 604-616.
[4]	高会然, 秦承志, 朱良君, 朱阿兴, 刘军志, 吴辉. 以坡位为空间配置单元的流域管理措施情景优化方法[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2018, 20(6): 781-790.
[5]	石伟, 苏奋振, 周成虎. 基于Voronoi图的岛礁水道空间配置模型研究[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2014, 16(3): 382-389442.