暴雨内涝危险性情景模拟方法研究——以上海中心城区为例
作者简介:黄清雨(1991-),男,山东人,硕士生,主要从事灾害应急疏散方法研究。E-mail: luckkevin@126.com
收稿日期: 2015-07-28
要求修回日期: 2015-08-18
网络出版日期: 2016-04-19
基金资助
国家自然科学基金项目(71373084)
上海市科委基础研究重点项目(15DZ1207805)
Research on the Scenario Simulation Method of Rainstorm Waterlogging Hazard: A Case Study in the Central Urban Area of Shanghai
Received date: 2015-07-28
Request revised date: 2015-08-18
Online published: 2016-04-19
Copyright
本文采用地理信息系统技术(GIS)与水文/水动力学相结合的方法,使用修正的SCS模型进行产流模拟,利用局部等体积法和水动力模型进行汇流模拟,建立了基于情景的城市暴雨内涝危险性模拟工具,并对相同雨强情景下不同汇流模型的模拟结果与精度进行了对比分析。结果表明:(1)局部等体积法计算简单,对降雨的时程分配较为敏感,峰前历时和雨强对结果影响显著,较适合于雨型确定的城市暴雨内涝危险性快速模拟;水动力模型计算复杂,与整个降雨历时存在明显关系,模拟精度较高。(2)利用台风“麦莎”带来强降雨导致的积水实测数据,对模拟结果进行对比和验证,表明本文建立的水动力模型法模拟结果与实测降雨积水更为接近,更适合上海中心城区暴雨内涝危险性情景模拟。
黄清雨 , 董军刚 , 李梦雅 , 王军 . 暴雨内涝危险性情景模拟方法研究——以上海中心城区为例[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2016 , 18(4) : 506 -513 . DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1047.2016.00506
For the purpose of simulating rainstorm waterlogging scenarios in the urban areas that have specific terrain surface characteristics, a comprehensive methodology derived from the hydrology/hydrodynamic theory and the geographic information system (GIS) is proposed in this paper. Moreover, a modified SCS model is utilized for the runoff producing simulation, while a locality volume equation and a hydrodynamic model are used for runoff converging simulation. Taking the central urban area of Shanghai as an example, rainstorm scenarios with 100-year return period are designed for the simulation. Meanwhile, based on the same runoff producing process, the locality volume equation and hydrodynamic model are used to simulate the waterlogging course respectively. Thereafter, a comparison is made to reveal the distinction of accuracy among the results acquired from these diverse models. The results indicate that: (1) it is easier for the runoff converging calculation to use the locality volume equation, but the results are obviously influenced by the temporal distribution of the rainfall course, especially at the period before the peak, as well as by the intensity, thus this model is more feasible for fast waterlogging simulation if the rainfall pattern is determined in advance. As for the hydrodynamic model, the runoff converging calculation is more complicated, but shows a better performance and higher precision when being used for simulating a longer rainfall process. Furthermore, the results have a closer relationship with the rainfall duration. (2) Specifically, these two models are verified based on the inundation data measured during the typhoon “Matsa”. A comparison between the simulation results and the historical data predicts that, although more or less a deviation is inevitable, the hydrodynamic model performs better in fitting the characteristics of urban rainstorm waterlogging, thus basically it's found more suitable for simulating the waterlogging hazard in the central urban area of Shanghai.
Fig. 1 Comparison of hazard simulation results with two methods图1 危险性模拟方法结果对比 |
Fig. 2 Comparison of total catchment area variation with time for each simulation method图2 2种危险性模拟方法积水面积对比 |
Fig. 3 Comparison of maximum inundation depth variation with time for each simulation method图3 2种危险性模拟方法最大积水深度对比 |
Tab. 1 Comparison of the precision for the two simulation methods (calculated from 16 road intersections)表1 2种模拟方法精度检验(道路交叉处16个测点) |
测量点 | 积水深度/mm | ||
---|---|---|---|
局部等体积法模拟结果 | 水动力模型法模拟结果 | “麦莎”实测数据 | |
1 | 286 | 159 | 200 |
2 | 129 | 203 | 275 |
3 | 523 | 204 | 225 |
4 | 377 | 141 | 125 |
5 | 387 | 302 | 275 |
6 | 467 | 143 | 75 |
7 | 793 | 167 | 175 |
8 | 93 | 263 | 325 |
9 | 144 | 272 | 275 |
10 | 173 | 184 | 150 |
11 | 356 | 178 | 175 |
12 | 402 | 166 | 175 |
13 | 323 | 135 | 175 |
14 | 535 | 275 | 300 |
15 | 534 | 197 | 175 |
16 | 205 | 200 | 175 |
平均值 | 358±181 | 199±50 | 205±66 |
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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