山地城市公交系统服务在老年人群体中分配公平性评价
段梅花(1995— ),女,云南保山人,硕士生,主要从事区域发展与规划研究。E-mail: 2621459769@qq.com |
收稿日期: 2020-06-28
要求修回日期: 2020-08-25
网络出版日期: 2021-06-25
基金资助
国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目(71864008)
贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合平台人才[2018]5769号)
版权
The Evaluation of Allocation Fairness to Urban Transit System Service for the Elderly in Mountainous City
Received date: 2020-06-28
Request revised date: 2020-08-25
Online published: 2021-06-25
Supported by
National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant(71864008)
Science and Technology Program Project of Guizhou(Platform Talents[2018]5769)
Copyright
公交系统作为一种面向公众全体尤其是弱势群体的公共服务设施,其公平性对于促进宜居城市与公交都市建设具有较大的现实意义。本研究考虑山地城市地形变化的影响,提出了一类测度公交站点实际服务范围的新方法来修正公交服务供给公平性评价模型,并以贵阳市为例,对贵阳市公交系统服务供给在老年群体中分配的公平性进行分析。研究结果表明: ① 山地城市地形影响下的公交站点实际服务范围将降低,公交供给服务水平明显下降;② “常规+BRT(Bus Rapid Transit快速公交)”公交系统服务供给在老年人群体中分配公平性程度处于差距悬殊等级,且分配呈现出两极分化趋势;“常规+BRT”公交系统服务供给在老年人群体中空间配置失衡较为显著,城市核心区老年群体较为集聚,然而享有的人均“常规+BRT”公交系统服务供给低于整体水平;③ 若增加轨道1号线,“常规+BRT”公交系统服务供给在老年人群体中分配呈现出的两极分化趋势在一定程度上得到了缓解;“常规+BRT”公交系统服务供给在老年人群体中的空间配置失衡得到一定改善。研究结果能为山地城市交通规划部门合理布局公交系统服务供给设施提供理论参考。结合山地城市地形变化特点,本研究针对公交系统服务供给存在的公平性问题,提出了相应的优化建议。
段梅花 , 赵航 , 龙立美 , 欧仁教 . 山地城市公交系统服务在老年人群体中分配公平性评价[J]. 地球信息科学学报, 2021 , 23(4) : 617 -631 . DOI: 10.12082/dqxxkx.2021.200333
Urban transit system is a public service facility oriented for the public, especially the vulnerable groups. The fairness of urban transit service is of great significance for promoting the construction of livable and transit-oriented cities. Considering the impact of terrain variation in mountainous cities, an innovative approach is proposed to measure the actual service scope of transit stops to modify the fairness evaluation model of transit service. Taking Guiyang city as an example, the fairness of transit service is analyzed for the elderly group in Guiyang. The results show that: (1) Due to the influence of the terrain of the mountainous city, the actual service scope of stops and the number of residents covered will decrease. The service scope of transit supply has decreased significantly. Considering the terrain factors, the service supply scope of transit system based on modified model is more consistent with the actual situation of mountainous cities; (2) The distribution of service supply of "Bus + BRT (Bus Rapid Transit)" transit system for the elderly group presents a circle structure, which gradually decreases from the core area to the periphery of the urban area. The fairness of transit service supply of "Bus + BRT" transit system among the elderly groups is at a great disparity level, and its distribution tends to be polarized. The spatial allocation of "Bus + BRT" transit system service supply in the elderly group is significantly unbalanced. Although the elderly group is more concentrated in the urban core, the per capita service supply of "Bus + BRT" transit system is lower than the average level. (3) When Rail Transit line 1 is added to the "Bus + BRT" transit system, the transit service supply presents an irregular "core-periphery" structure around the Rail Line 1. The polarization trend of the service supply from "Bus + BRT"transit system among the elderly group decreased, and the unbalanced spatial allocation of "Bus + BRT" transit system service supply among the elderly group was improved. Rail transit operation exerts a significant effect on the improvement of urban transit service supply. The research results could provide a theoretical reference for the transportation planning department of mountainous cities to reasonably carry out the layout of service supply facilities in urban transit system. Combined with terrain variation characteristics of mountainous city, some suggestions are also proposed to promote the fairness of the service supply of urban transit system in Guiyang.
表1 公交系统服务供给基尼系数的公平性程度划分标准Tab. 1 Standards for dividing the fairness of the Gini coefficient of service supply in the public transport system |
分值区间 | <0.2 | [0.2, 0.3] | [0.3, 0.4] | [0.4, 0.5] | >0.5 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
公平性程度 | 绝对公平 | 比较公平 | 相对公平 | 差距较大 | 差距悬殊 |
表2 区位熵值等级划分标准Tab. 2 Classification criteria of location entropy value |
等级 | 区位熵值 | 人均享有公交系统服务供给水平状况 |
---|---|---|
低 | <0.50 | 人均享有公交系统服务供给水平低于中心城区平均水平一半 |
较低 | 0.50~0.77 | |
一般 | 0.77~1.14 | 人均享有公交系统服务供给水平基本持平于中心城区平均水平 |
较高 | 1.14~2.20 | |
高 | >2.20 | 人均享有公交系统服务供给水平高于中心城区平均水平两倍以上 |
图9 老年人口享有“常规+BRT”公交系统服务供给区位熵空间分布Fig. 9 The elderly population enjoys the “Bus + BRT” transit system service supply location entropy spatial distribution |
表3 老年人口享有“常规+BRT”公交系统服务供给区位熵值分级特征Tab. 3 Elderly people enjoy the “Bus + BRT” transit system service supply location entropy value classification characteristics |
等级 | 区位熵值 | 高峰街道数量 | 高峰街道占比/% | 非高峰街道数量 | 非高峰街道占比/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
低 | <0.50 | 38 | 50.67 | 39 | 52.00 |
较低 | 0.50~0.77 | 6 | 8.00 | 10 | 13.33 |
一般 | 0.77~1.14 | 18 | 24.00 | 15 | 20.00 |
较高 | 1.14~2.20 | 8 | 10.67 | 7 | 9.33 |
高 | >2.20 | 5 | 6.67 | 4 | 5.33 |
表4 “常规+BRT+轨道1号线”公交系统服务供给指数变化Tab. 4 Changes in the service supply index of the "Bus + BRT + Rail line 1" transit system |
公交系统类型 | 服务供给指数最小值 | 服务供给指数最大值 | |
---|---|---|---|
常规+BRT | 高峰 | 0.59 | 74.79 |
非高峰 | 0.33 | 41.50 | |
常规+BRT+轨道1号线 | 高峰 | 0.59 | 13 394.18 |
非高峰 | 0.33 | 4032.03 |
图12 老年人口享有“常规+BRT+轨道1号线”公交系统服务供给区位熵空间分布Fig. 12 The elderly population enjoys the spatial distribution of the location entropy of the service supply of the "Bus + BRT + Rail line 1" transit system |
表5 老年人口享有“常规+BRT+轨道1号线”公交系统服务供给区位熵值分级特征Tab. 5 Elderly people enjoy the "Bus + BRT + Rail line 1" transit system service supply location entropy value grading characteristics |
等级 | 区位熵值 | 高峰街道数量/条 | 高峰街道占比/% | 非高峰街道数量/条 | 非高峰街道占比/% |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
低 | <0.50 | 43 | 57.33 | 48 | 64.00 |
较低 | 0.50~0.77 | 6 | 8.00 | 2 | 2.67 |
一般 | 0.77~1.14 | 2 | 2.67 | 3 | 4.00 |
较高 | 1.14~2.20 | 8 | 10.67 | 6 | 8.00 |
高 | >2.20 | 16 | 21.33 | 16 | 21.33 |
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